Difference between revisions of "Long power list"
(93 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
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Malignant - bone: | Malignant - bone: | ||
*Metastatic carcinoma. | *[[Fracture of bone due to metastatic carcinoma|Metastatic carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]]. | *[[Plasma cell neoplasm]]. | ||
*[[Osteosarcoma]]. | *[[Osteosarcoma]]. | ||
Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
Uncommon - benign pediatric: | Uncommon - benign pediatric: | ||
*Slipped femoral | *[[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]] (SCFE). | ||
*Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome. | *[[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant (fracture): | Uncommon - malignant (fracture): | ||
Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
*[[Fibroadenoma]]. | *[[Fibroadenoma]]. | ||
*[[Phyllodes tumour]]. | *[[Phyllodes tumour]]. | ||
*[[Intraductal papilloma]]. | *[[Intraductal papilloma of the breast]]. | ||
*[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]]. | *[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Sclerosing adenosis]]. | *[[Sclerosing adenosis]]. | ||
Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
*[[Complex sclerosing lesion]]. | *[[Complex sclerosing lesion]]. | ||
*Breast abscess. | *Breast abscess. | ||
*Breast with fat necrosis. | *[[Fat_necrosis_of_the_breast|Breast with fat necrosis]]. | ||
*[[Microglandular adenosis]]. | *[[Microglandular adenosis]]. | ||
*[[Collagenous spherulosis]]. | *[[Collagenous spherulosis]]. | ||
Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
**Small vessel: | **Small vessel: | ||
***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]. | ***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]. | ||
***[[Wegener granulomatosis | ***[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Wegener's granulomatosis). | ||
***[[Churg-Strauss syndrome | ***[[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Churg-Strauss syndrome). | ||
***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]. | ***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]. | ||
*[[Amyloid]] deposition. | *[[Amyloid]] deposition. | ||
Line 124: | Line 124: | ||
*[[Aortic dissection]]. | *[[Aortic dissection]]. | ||
**[[Cystic medial degeneration]]. | **[[Cystic medial degeneration]]. | ||
**Traumatic dissection. | **Traumatic dissection - see ''[[blunt force injury]]''. | ||
*Mycotic aneurysm. | *Mycotic aneurysm. | ||
Line 210: | Line 210: | ||
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]]. | *[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]]. | ||
**[[Hashimoto thyroiditis]]. | **[[Hashimoto thyroiditis]]. | ||
*[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP). | |||
Benign - uncommon: | Benign - uncommon: | ||
Line 226: | Line 227: | ||
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]]. | *[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]]. | *[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]]. | ||
===Thyroid gland - cytology=== | |||
*Benign. | |||
*[[Follicular lesion of undetermined significance]] (FLUS). | |||
*[[Follicular neoplasm]]. | |||
*Suspicious for malignancy. | |||
*Malignant, e.g. [[Thyroid_cytopathology#Papillary_carcinoma|papillary thyroid carcinoma]]. | |||
*Nondiagnostic ''or'' unsatisfactory. | |||
===Parathyroid gland=== | ===Parathyroid gland=== | ||
Line 271: | Line 280: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Adenocarcinoma. | *[[Adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
**[[Gastrointestinal_tract_polyps#Colorectal_adenocarcinoma|Colorectal adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
===Esophagus=== | ===Esophagus=== | ||
Line 280: | Line 290: | ||
Benign - uncommon: | Benign - uncommon: | ||
*[[Candida esophagitis]]. | |||
*[[Herpes esophagitis]]. | *[[Herpes esophagitis]]. | ||
Tumour: | |||
*[[Leiomyoma]]. | |||
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]] - may be malignant. | |||
*[[Granular cell tumour]] - may be malignant. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Squamous cell carcinoma | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus]] | ||
*Adenocarcinoma. | *[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
===Stomach=== | ===Stomach=== | ||
Line 319: | Line 335: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
* | *[[Duodenal adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon benign: | Uncommon benign: | ||
*[[Gastric heterotopia of the duodenum]]. | |||
*[[Peptic ulcer disease]]. | |||
*[[Acute duodenitis]]. | |||
*[[Giardiasis]]. | *[[Giardiasis]]. | ||
*[[Whipple disease]]. | *[[Whipple disease]]. | ||
*MAI infection. | *[[MAI]] infection. | ||
*[[Pseudomelanosis duodeni]]. | |||
===Colon/rectum=== | ===Colon/rectum=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *Normal. | ||
*Colitis. | *[[Colitis]]. | ||
**[[IBD]] - [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]]. | **[[IBD]] - [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]]. | ||
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]]. | *[[Hyperplastic polyp]]. | ||
Line 339: | Line 359: | ||
Benign - uncommon infectious: | Benign - uncommon infectious: | ||
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]. | *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Cytomegalovirus colitis]]. | ||
*[[Cryptosporidiosis]]. | *[[Cryptosporidiosis]]. | ||
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]. | *[[Strongyloidiasis]]. | ||
Line 352: | Line 372: | ||
*[[Solitary rectal ulcer]]. | *[[Solitary rectal ulcer]]. | ||
*[[Melanosis coli]]. | *[[Melanosis coli]]. | ||
*Radiation colitis. | *[[Radiation colitis]]. | ||
*[[Diversion colitis]]. | *[[Diversion colitis]]. | ||
Line 382: | Line 402: | ||
Neoplasm: | Neoplasm: | ||
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | *[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | ||
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN). | *[[Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm]] (LAMN). | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma. | *[[Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix]]. | ||
*[[Goblet cell carcinoid]]. | *[[Goblet cell carcinoid]]. | ||
Line 401: | Line 421: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
* | *[[Liver metastasis]] - usually [[metastatic]] [[adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]. | *[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]. | ||
Line 408: | Line 428: | ||
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | *[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | ||
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], especially in the context of [[UC]]. | *[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], especially in the context of [[UC]]. | ||
*[[Primary biliary | *[[Primary biliary cholangitis]]. | ||
*[[Wilson's disease]]. | *[[Wilson's disease]]. | ||
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | *[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | ||
Line 417: | Line 437: | ||
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]. | *[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiosarcoma]]. | *[[Angiosarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]]. | |||
===Gallbladder=== | ===Gallbladder=== | ||
Line 424: | Line 445: | ||
*[[Acute cholecystitis]]. | *[[Acute cholecystitis]]. | ||
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]]. | *[[Chronic cholecystitis]]. | ||
*[[Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder|Intestinal metaplasia]]. | |||
Uncommon - pre-malignant: | Uncommon - pre-malignant: | ||
* | *[[Gallbladder adenoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
* | *[[Carcinoma of the gallbladder]]. | ||
==Genitourinary pathology== | ==Genitourinary pathology== | ||
===Tumour kidney=== | ===Tumour kidney=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *[[Normal kidney]]. | ||
*[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | *[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | *[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | ||
*[[Papillary adenoma]]. | *[[Papillary adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour]] (previously ''clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma'' or ''clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma''). | |||
*[[Renal medullary fibroma]]. | *[[Renal medullary fibroma]]. | ||
Line 445: | Line 468: | ||
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | *[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
Malignant - less common: | Malignant - less common: | ||
*[[Collecting duct carcinoma]]. | *[[Collecting duct carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation]]. | *[[Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour]]. | |||
*[[Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Unclassified renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
Possibly benign: | |||
*[[Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign: | |||
*[[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]. | |||
*[[Chronic pyelonephritis]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic vacuolated tumour]]. | |||
*[[Mixed epithelial stromal tumour]]. | *[[Mixed epithelial stromal tumour]]. | ||
*[[Cystic nephroma]]. | *[[Cystic nephroma]]. | ||
*[[Metanephric adenoma]]. | *[[Metanephric adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Low-grade oncocytic tumour]]. | |||
Children - tumours: | |||
*[[ | *[[Wilms tumour]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney]]. | ||
*[[Metanephric stromal tumour]]. | |||
*[[Metanephric adenofibroma]]. | |||
*[[Mesoblastic nephroma]]. | |||
*[[Renal rhabdoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Renal tumour with t(6;11) translocation]]. | |||
===Medical kidney=== | ===Medical kidney=== | ||
Important/common: | |||
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]. | *[[Diabetic nephropathy]]. | ||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]. | *[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]. | ||
Nephrotic syndrome: | |||
*[[Minimal change disease]]. | |||
*[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Membranous nephropathy]]. | |||
Nephritic syndrome: | |||
*[[Post-infectious glomerulonephritis]]. | |||
*[[IgA nephropathy]]. | |||
*[[Lupus nephritis]]. | |||
*[[Antiglomerular basement membrane disease]]. | |||
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]. | |||
Mixed presentation: | |||
*[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]] (MPGN). | |||
Cystic disease: | |||
*[[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]] (ADPKD). | |||
*[[Acquired renal cystic disease]]. | |||
*[[Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease]]. | |||
Others: | |||
*[[Fibrillary glomerulopathy]]. | |||
*[[Renal amyloidosis]]. | |||
*[[Thin glomerular basement membrane disease]]. | |||
*[[Alport syndrome]]. | |||
*[[Fabry disease|Fabry's disease]]. | |||
*[[Thrombotic microangiopathy]]. | |||
*[[End-stage kidney]]. | |||
===Prostate gland=== | ===Prostate gland=== | ||
Line 471: | Line 544: | ||
*Acute inflammation. | *Acute inflammation. | ||
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only). | *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only). | ||
*[[Granulomatous prostatitis]]. | |||
Pre-malignant: | |||
*[[High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]]. | |||
Suspicious: | |||
*[[Atypical small acinar proliferation]] (atypical glands, suspicious). | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Acinar adenocarcinoma. | *[[Prostate adenocarcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
Waffle category: | |||
*[[Prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*Ductal adenocarcinoma. | *[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate]]. | ||
*Urothelial carcinoma. | *Urothelial carcinoma. | ||
*[[Mucinous prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Sarcomatoid prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland]]. | |||
*[[Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate]]. | |||
*[[Prostatic stromal sarcoma]]. | |||
Mimic benign: | |||
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Atrophic prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN. | |||
===Urinary bladder=== | ===Urinary bladder=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | *[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | ||
*Cystitis cystica. | *[[Cystitis cystica]]. | ||
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]]. | |||
Pre-malignant/malignant: | Pre-malignant/malignant: | ||
*Urothelial dysplasia. | *[[Urothelial dysplasia]]. | ||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma in situ]]. | |||
*[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | *[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | *[[High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
Line 492: | Line 589: | ||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
*[[Malakoplakia]]. | *[[Malakoplakia]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Giant cell cystitis]]. | ||
===Urine - cytology=== | |||
Common: | |||
*Negative for malignancy. | |||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Polyomavirus]]. | |||
Uncommon: | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
===Testis=== | |||
Non-neoplastic: | |||
*[[Testicular abscess]]. | |||
*[[Testicular atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Testicular scar]]. | |||
*[[Sertoli cell nodule]] (Pick's adenoma). | |||
Pre-neoplastic: | |||
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia). | |||
Common tumours: | |||
*[[Seminoma]]. | |||
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Yolk sac tumour]]. | |||
*[[Teratoma]]. | |||
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]]. | |||
Less common tumours: | |||
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Spermatocytic tumour]]. | |||
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | |||
*[[Liposarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis]]. | |||
====Associated with testis==== | |||
*[[Spermatocele]]. | |||
*[[Hydrocele testis]]. | |||
*[[Vasitis nodosa]]. | |||
*[[Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region]]. | |||
Epididymis: | |||
*[[Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis]]. | |||
*[[Serous cystadenoma]] of the epididymis. | |||
==Gynecologic pathology== | ==Gynecologic pathology== | ||
Line 499: | Line 643: | ||
*[[Fibroids]]. | *[[Fibroids]]. | ||
*[[Adenomyosis]]. | *[[Adenomyosis]]. | ||
* | *[[Atrophic endometrium]]. | ||
*[[Uterine prolapse]]. | *[[Uterine prolapse]]. | ||
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]]. | *[[Proliferative phase endometrium]]. | ||
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]]. | *[[Secretory phase endometrium]]. | ||
*[[Disordered proliferative endometrium]]. | |||
Pre-malignant: | Pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Simple endometrial hyperplasia]]. | |||
*[[Simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia]]. | |||
*[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia]]. | *[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]]. | *[[Endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Endometrioid. | **[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Mucinous. | **[[Mucinous endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Serous. | **[[Serous endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
*Decidua (change of pregnancy). | *Decidua (change of pregnancy). | ||
*[[Arias-Stella reaction]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*Clear cell carcinoma. | *[[Clear cell endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]]. | *[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Endometrial stromal sarcoma]]. | |||
===Cervix - cytology=== | ===Cervix - cytology=== | ||
{{Main|Gynecologic cytopathology}} | |||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *Normal. | ||
*Candida. | *Candida. | ||
*Endometrial cells. | *Endometrial cells >40 years. | ||
Benign not typically reported: | |||
*Atrophy. | *Atrophy. | ||
*Reactive changes. | |||
*Squamous metaplasia. | |||
*Tubal metaplasia. | |||
*Endometrial cells <40 years. | |||
Uncommon - benign: | |||
*[[HSV]] changes. | |||
*Trichomonas. | |||
*[[Bacterial vaginosis]]. | |||
*[[Actinomycetes]]. | |||
Waffle diagnoses: | Waffle diagnoses: | ||
Line 536: | Line 699: | ||
*[[HSIL]]. | *[[HSIL]]. | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*Adenocarcinoma. | *Adenocarcinoma in situ. | ||
**Endocervical. | |||
**Endometrial. | |||
* | **Other. | ||
* | |||
===Ovary=== | ===Ovary=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Serous cystadenoma. | *[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*Mucinous cystadenoma. | *[[Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*[[Mature teratoma]]. | *[[Mature teratoma]]. | ||
*[[Endometriosis]]. | *[[Endometriosis]]. | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Serous carcinoma. | *[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*Endometrioid carcinoma. | *[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]]. | *[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*[[Dysgerminoma]]. | *[[Dysgerminoma]]. | ||
*[[Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary]]. | |||
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]. | |||
Other tumours: | |||
*[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Adult granulosa cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Juvenile granulosa cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Thecoma]]. | |||
*[[Sex cord tumour with annular tubules]]. | |||
*[[Ovarian fibroma]]. | |||
*[[Brenner tumour]]. | |||
===Fallopian tube=== | ===Fallopian tube=== | ||
Line 566: | Line 740: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Serous carcinoma. | *[[Serous carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
Line 578: | Line 752: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | ||
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]. | *[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
Line 604: | Line 779: | ||
Uncommon malignant: | Uncommon malignant: | ||
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma | *[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''. | ||
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]]. | *[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]]. | *[[Salivary duct carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland]] (mammary analogue secretory carcinoma). | |||
*[[Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features). | |||
==Lymph node== | ==Lymph node== | ||
Line 614: | Line 792: | ||
*[[Reactive follicular hyperplasia]]. | *[[Reactive follicular hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Sinus histiocytosis]]. | *[[Sinus histiocytosis]]. | ||
*[[Hyalinized lymph node]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Metastasis]], esp. carcinoma. | *[[Lymph node metastasis|Metastasis]], esp. [[carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | *[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | ||
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[Small cell lymphoma]]. | *[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[Small cell lymphoma]]. | ||
Line 637: | Line 816: | ||
*[[Kimura disease]]. | *[[Kimura disease]]. | ||
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]. | *[[Toxoplasmosis]]. | ||
*[[Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma]]. | |||
==Neuropathology== | ==Neuropathology== | ||
Line 667: | Line 847: | ||
*[[Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma]]. | *[[Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma]]. | ||
*[[Papillary craniopharyngioma]]. | *[[Papillary craniopharyngioma]]. | ||
*[[Oligodendroglioma]]. | |||
*[[Brain metastasis]]. | |||
===Neurodegenerative=== | ===Neurodegenerative=== | ||
*[[Alzheimer disease]]. | *[[Alzheimer disease]]. | ||
*[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]. | *[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]. | ||
*[[Parkinson disease]]. | |||
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Dementia with Lewy bodies]]. | |||
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Chronic traumatic encephalopathy]]. | |||
*[[Huntington disease]]. | |||
===Muscle=== | ===Muscle=== | ||
*[[Dermatomyositis]]. | *[[Dermatomyositis]]. | ||
*[[Polymyositis]]. | *[[Polymyositis]]. | ||
*[[Muscular dystrophy]]. | |||
*[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Inclusion body myositis]]. | |||
*[[Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis]]. | |||
==Pulmonary pathology== | ==Pulmonary pathology== | ||
Line 684: | Line 879: | ||
*[[Asthma]]. | *[[Asthma]]. | ||
*[[Aspiration pneumonia]]. | *[[Aspiration pneumonia]]. | ||
*[[Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Lung adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]]. | *[[Lung adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Squamous carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous carcinoma of the lung]]. | ||
*[[Small cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Lung metastasis]]. | ||
Uncommon - granulomatous: | Uncommon - granulomatous: | ||
Line 697: | Line 893: | ||
Uncommon - benign other: | Uncommon - benign other: | ||
*[[Carcinoid tumourlet]]. | |||
*[[Typical lung carcinoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Atypical lung carcinoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural. | *[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural. | ||
*[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]. | *[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]. | ||
Line 704: | Line 903: | ||
*[[Extralobar sequestration]]. | *[[Extralobar sequestration]]. | ||
*[[Intralobar sequestration]]. | *[[Intralobar sequestration]]. | ||
*Asbestosis. | *[[Asbestosis]]. | ||
*Silicosis | *[[Silicosis]]. | ||
*Coal worker's pneumonconiosis. | *Coal worker's pneumonconiosis. | ||
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]. | *[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]. | ||
Line 728: | Line 927: | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*[[ | *[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | ||
==Spleen== | ==Spleen== | ||
Line 734: | Line 933: | ||
*Trauma. | *Trauma. | ||
*Normal. | *Normal. | ||
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]]. | *Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]] or other causes of [[portal hypertension]]. | ||
*[[Mononucleosis]]. | |||
Malignant: | Benign - rare: | ||
*[[Hemophagocytic syndrome]]. | |||
Malignant - common: | |||
*[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | |||
Malignant - others: | |||
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]]. | *[[Hairy cell leukemia]]. | ||
*[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]. | |||
==Placenta== | |||
*Normal. | |||
*[[Chorioamnionitis]]. | |||
**[[Funisitis]]. | |||
*[[Meconium]]. | |||
*[[Placentomegaly]]. | |||
*[[Placental infarction]]. | |||
Less common: | |||
*[[TORCH infections]]. | |||
*[[Chorangioma]]. | |||
*[[Chorangiosis]]. | |||
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]]. | |||
*[[Chronic intervillitis]]. | |||
*[[Two vessel umbilical cord]]. | |||
*[[Maternal floor infarction]]. | |||
*[[Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]]. | |||
*[[Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy]]. | |||
=Pathologic characteristics= | =Pathologic characteristics= | ||
Line 743: | Line 971: | ||
*[[Salivary gland]] tumours. | *[[Salivary gland]] tumours. | ||
*[[Breast]] tumours. | *[[Breast]] tumours. | ||
==Nodule-forming lymphoma== | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Small cell lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]. | |||
==Nuclear features== | ==Nuclear features== | ||
Line 770: | Line 1,005: | ||
*[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]]. | *[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Medullary breast carcinoma]]. | *[[Medullary breast carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Thymoma]]. | |||
*[[Lymphoma]] - [[Hodgkin lymphoma|Hodgkin]] and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-Hodgkin]]. | |||
*[[Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma]]. | |||
===Giant cells=== | ===Giant cells=== | ||
Line 775: | Line 1,013: | ||
===Many eosinophils=== | ===Many eosinophils=== | ||
*Infection. | *Infection - esp. fungal. | ||
*[[Drug reaction]]. | |||
*[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]]. | *[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]]. | ||
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | *[[Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | ||
Line 784: | Line 1,023: | ||
Site specific: | Site specific: | ||
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]. | *[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]. | ||
*[[Eosinophilic gastritis]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic colitis]]. | |||
*[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]. | *[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]. | ||
*[[Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]] (ALHE) - skin. | *[[Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]] (ALHE) - skin. | ||
===Red blood cell extravasation=== | |||
*Hemorrhage. | |||
*[[Vasculitis]]. | |||
*[[Nodular fasciitis]]. | |||
*[[Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma]]. | |||
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]]. | |||
==Structures== | ==Structures== | ||
Line 839: | Line 1,087: | ||
===Colonic biopsies frustration list=== | ===Colonic biopsies frustration list=== | ||
*[[CMV]] | *[[CMV colitis]]. | ||
*[[Cryptosporidiosis]]. | *[[Cryptosporidiosis]]. | ||
*[[Intestinal spirochetosis]]. | *[[Intestinal spirochetosis]]. |
Latest revision as of 04:47, 20 March 2024
The long power list is a collection of diagnoses based on site and pathologic characteristics. It builds on the short power list.
Site
Bone & cartilage
General
Benign - bone:
Benign - bone tumours:
Benign - cartilage:
Malignant - bone:
Malignant - cartilage:
Unusual genetic conditions:
Femoral head
Benign:
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
- Trauma.
- Osteoporosis.
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
Breast pathology
Benign - common:
- Normal.
- Fibrocystic change.
- Apocrine metaplasia.
- Columnar cell change.
- Fibroadenoma.
- Phyllodes tumour.
- Intraductal papilloma of the breast.
- Florid epithelial hyperplasia.
- Sclerosing adenosis.
Benign - uncommon:
- Flat epithelial atypia.
- Complex sclerosing lesion.
- Breast abscess.
- Breast with fat necrosis.
- Microglandular adenosis.
- Collagenous spherulosis.
- Lactational change.
- Diabetic mastopathy.
Non-invasive:
Invasive - epithelial:
- Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
- Invasive lobular carcinoma.
- Papillary carcinoma of the breast.
- Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast.
- Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast.
- Tubular carcinoma of the breast.
- Medullary breast carcinoma.
- Mucinous breast carcinoma.
- Metaplastic breast carcinoma.
Invasive - non-epithelial:
Invasive - salivary gland-like:
Cardiovascular pathology
General
- Thrombosis (embolism).
- Vasculitis.
- Large vessel:
- Medium vessel:
- Small vessel:
- Microscopic polyangiitis.
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis).
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome).
- Leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
- Amyloid deposition.
- Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis.
- Fibromuscular dysplasia.
Aorta
- Atherosclerosis.
- Aortic dissection.
- Cystic medial degeneration.
- Traumatic dissection - see blunt force injury.
- Mycotic aneurysm.
Cardiac valves
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Heart
Common - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
- Lipoma.
- Rhabdomyoma.
Uncommon - malignant:
Dermatopathology
Benign - non-melanocytic:
- Epidermal inclusion cyst.
- Pilar cyst.
- Steatocystoma.
- Lipoma.
- Dermatofibroma.
- Dermal scar.
- Trichoepithelioma (trichoblastoma).
- Clear cell acanthoma.
- Leiomyoma.
Benign melanocytic lesions:
- Intradermal nevus.
- Junctional nevus.
- Congenital nevus.
- Clark nevus.
- Spitz nevus.
- Pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed.
- Blue nevus.
Inflammatory skin lesions:
- Bullous diseases:
- Interface dermatitis:
- Nodular & diffuse:
- Psoriasiform diseases:
- Panniculitis:
- Vasculitides:
Malignant:
- Basal cell carcinoma.
- Squamous cell carcinoma.
- Malignant melanoma.
- Merkel cell carcinoma.
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
- Atypical fibroxanthoma.
- Leiomyosarcoma.
- Metastasis.
Endocrine pathology
Thyroid gland
Benign:
- Nodular hyperplasia.
- Lymphocytic thyroiditis.
- Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP).
Benign - uncommon:
Malignant:
Malignant - uncommon:
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma columnar cell variant.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma cribriform-morular variant.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma diffuse sclerosing variant.
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma.
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Thyroid gland - cytology
- Benign.
- Follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS).
- Follicular neoplasm.
- Suspicious for malignancy.
- Malignant, e.g. papillary thyroid carcinoma.
- Nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory.
Parathyroid gland
Benign:
Malignant - rare:
Adrenal gland
Benign:
- Adrenal cortical adenoma.
- Adrenal myelolipoma.
- Hemorrhagic adrenalitis (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome).
- Adrenal ganglioneuroma.
- Neuroblastoma - pediatric pathology.
- Tuberculosis.
Malignant:
Gastrointestinal pathology
Gastrointestinal polyp
Benign:
Pre-malignant:
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - benign:
Malignant:
Esophagus
Benign:
Benign - uncommon:
Tumour:
- Leiomyoma.
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumour - may be malignant.
- Granular cell tumour - may be malignant.
Malignant:
Stomach
Benign:
Pre-malignant:
Malignant:
- Epithelial:
- Adenocarcinoma, intestinal-type.
- Adenocarcinoma, diffuse-type.
- Metastatic carcinoma.
- Neuroendocrine tumour.
- Mesenchymal:
- GIST.
- Hematopoietic:
Duodenum
Benign:
- Normal.
- Celiac disease.
Pre-malignant:
Malignant:
Uncommon benign:
- Gastric heterotopia of the duodenum.
- Peptic ulcer disease.
- Acute duodenitis.
- Giardiasis.
- Whipple disease.
- MAI infection.
- Pseudomelanosis duodeni.
Colon/rectum
Benign:
- Normal.
- Colitis.
- Hyperplastic polyp.
- Tubular adenoma.
- Tubulovillous adenoma.
- Villous adenoma.
- Sessile serrated adenoma.
Benign - uncommon infectious:
- Pseudomembranous colitis.
- Cytomegalovirus colitis.
- Cryptosporidiosis.
- Strongyloidiasis.
- Intestinal spirochetosis.
Benign - uncommon:
- Lymphocytic colitis.
- Collagenous colitis.
- Inflammatory polyp.
- Juvenile polyp.
- Peutz-Jeghers polyp.
- Solitary rectal ulcer.
- Melanosis coli.
- Radiation colitis.
- Diversion colitis.
Tumour:
Malignant:
- Colorectal adenocarcinoma.
- Medullary carcinoma.
- Mucinous carcinoma.
- Signet ring carcinoma.
- Goblet cell carcinoid.
- Metastatic tumours.
Appendix
Benign:
- Appendicitis.
- Periappendicitis.
- Crohn's disease.
- Normal.
Benign - uncommon:
Neoplasm:
Malignant:
Liver
Benign:
Benign - tumour:
- Hepatic hemangioma.
- Focal nodular hyperplasia.
- Hepatocellular adenoma.
Malignant:
Uncommon benign:
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
- Autoimmune hepatitis.
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis, especially in the context of UC.
- Primary biliary cholangitis.
- Wilson's disease.
- Hereditary hemochromatosis.
- Hepatic infarct.
- Hepatitis A.
Uncommon malignant:
Gallbladder
Benign:
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
Genitourinary pathology
Tumour kidney
Benign:
- Normal kidney.
- Renal oncocytoma.
- Angiomyolipoma.
- Papillary adenoma.
- Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour (previously clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma or clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma).
- Renal medullary fibroma.
Malignant - common:
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
- Papillary renal cell carcinoma.
- Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
- Urothelial carcinoma.
Malignant - less common:
- Collecting duct carcinoma.
- Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation.
- SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma.
- Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma.
- SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma.
- Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma.
- Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma.
- Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour.
- Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma.
- Unclassified renal cell carcinoma.
- ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma.
Possibly benign:
Uncommon - benign:
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
- Chronic pyelonephritis.
- Eosinophilic vacuolated tumour.
- Mixed epithelial stromal tumour.
- Cystic nephroma.
- Metanephric adenoma.
- Low-grade oncocytic tumour.
Children - tumours:
- Wilms tumour.
- Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney.
- Metanephric stromal tumour.
- Metanephric adenofibroma.
- Mesoblastic nephroma.
- Renal rhabdoid tumour.
- Renal tumour with t(6;11) translocation.
Medical kidney
Important/common:
Nephrotic syndrome:
Nephritic syndrome:
- Post-infectious glomerulonephritis.
- IgA nephropathy.
- Lupus nephritis.
- Antiglomerular basement membrane disease.
- Wegener's granulomatosis.
Mixed presentation:
Cystic disease:
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
- Acquired renal cystic disease.
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
Others:
- Fibrillary glomerulopathy.
- Renal amyloidosis.
- Thin glomerular basement membrane disease.
- Alport syndrome.
- Fabry's disease.
- Thrombotic microangiopathy.
- End-stage kidney.
Prostate gland
Benign:
- Normal.
- Chronic inflammation.
- Acute inflammation.
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostectomy diagnosis only).
- Granulomatous prostatitis.
Pre-malignant:
Suspicious:
- Atypical small acinar proliferation (atypical glands, suspicious).
Malignant:
Waffle category:
Uncommon - malignant:
- Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
- Urothelial carcinoma.
- Mucinous prostate carcinoma.
- Prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma.
- Sarcomatoid prostate carcinoma.
- Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland.
- Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate.
- Prostatic stromal sarcoma.
Mimic benign:
- Foamy gland carcinoma.
- Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma.
- Atrophic prostate carcinoma.
- PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma - mimics HGPIN.
Urinary bladder
Benign:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
- Urothelial dysplasia.
- Urothelial carcinoma in situ.
- Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma.
- High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma.
- Flat urothelial carcinoma.
Uncommon - benign:
Urine - cytology
Common:
- Negative for malignancy.
- Urothelial carcinoma.
- Polyomavirus.
Uncommon:
Testis
Non-neoplastic:
- Testicular abscess.
- Testicular atrophy.
- Testicular scar.
- Sertoli cell nodule (Pick's adenoma).
Pre-neoplastic:
- Germ cell neoplasia in situ (intratubular germ cell neoplasia).
Common tumours:
Less common tumours:
- Sertoli cell tumour.
- Leydig cell tumour.
- Lymphoma.
- Choriocarcinoma.
- Spermatocytic tumour.
- Malignant mesothelioma.
- Liposarcoma.
- Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis.
Associated with testis
Epididymis:
- Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis.
- Serous cystadenoma of the epididymis.
Gynecologic pathology
Uterus
Benign:
- Fibroids.
- Adenomyosis.
- Atrophic endometrium.
- Uterine prolapse.
- Proliferative phase endometrium.
- Secretory phase endometrium.
- Disordered proliferative endometrium.
Pre-malignant:
- Simple endometrial hyperplasia.
- Simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia.
- Complex endometrial hyperplasia.
- Complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia.
Malignant:
Uncommon - benign:
- Decidua (change of pregnancy).
- Arias-Stella reaction.
Uncommon - malignant:
Cervix - cytology
Benign:
- Normal.
- Candida.
- Endometrial cells >40 years.
Benign not typically reported:
- Atrophy.
- Reactive changes.
- Squamous metaplasia.
- Tubal metaplasia.
- Endometrial cells <40 years.
Uncommon - benign:
- HSV changes.
- Trichomonas.
- Bacterial vaginosis.
- Actinomycetes.
Waffle diagnoses:
- Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H).
- Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US).
- Atypical glandular cells (AGC).
Pre-malignant/malignant:
- LSIL.
- HSIL.
- Squamous cell carcinoma.
- Adenocarcinoma in situ.
- Endocervical.
- Endometrial.
- Other.
Ovary
Benign:
Malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
Other tumours:
- Leydig cell tumour.
- Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour.
- Adult granulosa cell tumour.
- Juvenile granulosa cell tumour.
- Thecoma.
- Sex cord tumour with annular tubules.
- Ovarian fibroma.
- Brenner tumour.
Fallopian tube
Benign:
- Paratubal cyst.
- Tubo-ovarian abscess.
- Salpingitis.
- Ectopic pregnancy.
- Adenomatoid tumour.
Malignant:
Uncommon - benign:
Head and neck
General
Benign:
Malignant:
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Uncommon - malignant:
- Paraganglioma (carotid body tumour).
Salivary gland
Benign:
- Pleomorphic adenoma.
- Warthin tumour.
- Basal cell adenoma.
- Oncocytoma of the salivary gland.
- Canalicular adenoma.
Malignant:
Uncommon benign:
Uncommon malignant:
- Acinic cell carcinoma.
- Polymorphous adenocarcinoma - previously known as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma.
- Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.
- Salivary duct carcinoma.
- Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma.
- Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.
- Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland (mammary analogue secretory carcinoma).
- Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features).
Lymph node
Benign:
- Normal/resting.
- Reactive follicular hyperplasia.
- Sinus histiocytosis.
- Hyalinized lymph node.
Malignant:
- Metastasis, esp. carcinoma.
- Follicular lymphoma.
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small cell lymphoma.
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
- Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Marginal zone lymphoma.
Benign - uncommon:
- Castleman disease.
- Progressive transformation of germinal centers.
- Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy.
- Sarcoidosis.
- Tuberculosis.
- Cat-scratch disease.
- Rosai-Dorfman disease.
- Kimura disease.
- Toxoplasmosis.
- Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma.
Neuropathology
Brain
Benign:
- Epidural hemorrhage.
- Subdural hemorrhage.
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Intracerebral hemorrhage.
- Duret hemorrhage.
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
- Multiple sclerosis.
- Colloid cyst.
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Pediatric - tumour:
Adult - tumour:
- Meningioma.
- Schwannoma.
- Diffuse astrocytoma.
- Anaplastic astrocytoma.
- Glioblastoma.
- Myxopapillary ependymoma.
- Pituitary adenoma.
- Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.
- Papillary craniopharyngioma.
- Oligodendroglioma.
- Brain metastasis.
Neurodegenerative
Muscle
- Muscular dystrophy.
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- Inclusion body myositis.
- Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis.
Pulmonary pathology
Benign:
- Normal.
- Acute bronchopneumonia.
- Diffuse alveolar damage - acute phase, organizing phase, resolution.
- Emphysema - centrilobular, panlobular.
- Asthma.
- Aspiration pneumonia.
- Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule.
Malignant:
Uncommon - granulomatous:
- Tuberculosis.
- Sarcoidosis.
- Fungal infections (e.g. aspergillosis).
Uncommon - benign other:
- Carcinoid tumourlet.
- Typical lung carcinoid tumour.
- Atypical lung carcinoid tumour.
- Solitary fibrous tumour - esp. pleural.
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
- Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
- Bronchogenic cyst.
- Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM).
- Extralobar sequestration.
- Intralobar sequestration.
- Asbestosis.
- Silicosis.
- Coal worker's pneumonconiosis.
- Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
- Eosinophilic pneumonia.
- Goodpasture disease.
- Wegener's granulomatosis.
- Radiation pneumonitis.
- Drug toxicity, e.g. amiodarone, bleomycin.
- Infectious - blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia.
Uncommon - vascular:
- Pulmonary hypertension.
- Vasculitides - see cardiovascular section.
Uncommon - idiopathic interstitial pneumonias:
- Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).
- Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).
- Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP).
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (BOOP).
- Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD).
- Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP).
Uncommon - malignant:
Spleen
Benign:
- Trauma.
- Normal.
- Enlargement due to cirrhosis or other causes of portal hypertension.
- Mononucleosis.
Benign - rare:
Malignant - common:
Malignant - others:
Placenta
- Normal.
- Chorioamnionitis.
- Meconium.
- Placentomegaly.
- Placental infarction.
Less common:
- TORCH infections.
- Chorangioma.
- Chorangiosis.
- Villitis of unknown etiology.
- Chronic intervillitis.
- Two vessel umbilical cord.
- Maternal floor infarction.
- Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy.
- Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy.
Pathologic characteristics
Non-skin tumours with skin
- Salivary gland tumours.
- Breast tumours.
Nodule-forming lymphoma
Malignant:
- Follicular lymphoma.
- Small cell lymphoma.
- Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Mantle cell lymphoma.
Nuclear features
Pseudostratified nuclei
Tumours that commonly have pseudostratified nuclei:
Pseudoinclusions
Cytoplasmic features
Eosinophilic cytoplasm
- Squamous cell carcinoma.
- Oncocytoma/oncocytic tumours.
- Apocrine tumours.
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Clear cytoplasm
Cells
Tumours with lymphocytes
- Seminoma.
- Acinic cell carcinoma.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.
- Medullary breast carcinoma.
- Thymoma.
- Lymphoma - Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin.
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.
Giant cells
Many eosinophils
- Infection - esp. fungal.
- Drug reaction.
- Inflammatory fibroid polyp.
- Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Churg-Strauss syndrome.
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
- Kimura disease.
Site specific:
- Eosinophilic esophagitis.
- Eosinophilic gastritis.
- Eosinophilic colitis.
- Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
- Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) - skin.
Red blood cell extravasation
Structures
Psammoma bodies
Myxoid lesions
Architecture
Classically nested
Stroma rich tumours
- Cholangiocarcinoma.
- Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Mesothelioma - lung.
- Hyalinizing trabecular tumour - thyroid.
- Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma - salivary gland.
Spindle cell lesions
Spindle cell lesions in neuropathology
Frustration lists
The following are diagnoses to think about if the answer isn't apparent.
General frustration list
If the pathology isn't apparent...
- Neurofibroma.
- Amyloidosis.
- Granular cell tumour.
- Adenomatoid tumour.
- Angiosarcoma.
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Plasma cell neoplasm.
Memory device: NAGAAPP.