Difference between revisions of "Short power list"

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The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens.  This is list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the [[differential diagnosis]] for the site.  It assumes the specimen comes from an adult. There is an expanded ''[[long power list]]''.
The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens.  This list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the [[differential diagnosis]] for the site.  It assumes the specimen comes from an adult. There is an expanded ''[[long power list]]''.


=Bone=
=Bone=
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Uncommon - benign (fracture):
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
*Trauma.
*Trauma.
*Osteoporosis.
*[[Osteoporosis]].


Uncommon - benign pediatric:
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
*Slipped femoral capital epiphysis (SFCE).  
*[[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]] (SCFE).  
*Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome.
*[[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]].


Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
*[[Metastasis]].
*[[Pathologic fracture|Metastasis]].


=Breast pathology=
=Breast pathology=
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*Normal.
**[[Lactational change]].
*[[Fibrocystic change]].
*[[Fibrocystic change]].
*[[Fibroadenoma]].
*[[Fibroadenoma]].
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*[[LCIS]].
*[[LCIS]].
*[[Ductal carcinoma]].
*[[Ductal carcinoma]].
*Lobular carcinoma.
*[[Invasive lobular carcinoma]].
*Tubular carcinoma.
*[[Tubular carcinoma of the breast]].


Uncommon benign/malignant:
Uncommon benign/malignant:
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==Heart==
==Heart==
*[[Myocardial infarction]].
*[[Atrial myxoma]].
*[[Atrial myxoma]].


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*[[Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]].
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]].
*[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP).


Malignant:
Malignant:
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Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*Squamous cell carcinoma.
*Squamous cell carcinoma.
*Adenocarcinoma.
*[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].


==Stomach==
==Stomach==
Benign:
Benign:
*Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
*[[Helicobacter pylori gastritis]].
*Intestinal metaplasia.
*[[Gastric intestinal metaplasia|Intestinal metaplasia]].
*[[Chronic gastritis]].
*[[Chronic gastritis]].
*[[Acute gastritis]].
*[[Acute gastritis]].
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
*Signet-ring cell carcinoma.
*[[Signet-ring cell carcinoma]].
*[[GIST]].
*[[GIST]].
*[[MALT lymphoma]].


==Duodenum==
==Duodenum==
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Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*MAI infection.
*[[MAI]] infection.


==Colon/rectum==
==Colon/rectum==
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*Colitis. e.g. [[IBD]].
*Colitis. e.g. [[IBD]].
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]].
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]].
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
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Benign:
Benign:
*[[Appendicitis]].
*[[Appendicitis]].
*Periappendicitis.
*[[Periappendicitis]].
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*Normal.
*[[Negative appendectomy|Normal]].


Neoplasm:
Neoplasm:
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*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]].
*[[Primary biliary cholangitis]].
*[[Wilson's disease]].
*[[Wilson's disease]].
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]].
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]].
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*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].


Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - risk for dysplasia:
*Intestinal metaplasia.
*[[Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder|Intestinal metaplasia]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma.
*[[Gallbladder adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].


=Genitourinary pathology=
=Genitourinary pathology=
==Tumour kidney==
==Tumour kidney==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Normal kidney]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
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==Prostate gland==
==Prostate gland==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Normal prostate gland|Normal]].
*Chronic inflammation.
*Chronic inflammation.
*Acute inflammation.
*Acute inflammation.
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only).
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostatectomy diagnosis only).
 
Pre-malignant:
*[[High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Acinar adenocarcinoma.
*[[Prostate carcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Ductal adenocarcinoma.
*[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate|Ductal adenocarcinoma]].
*Urothelial carcinoma.
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate.
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate.
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN.


==Urinary bladder==
==Urinary bladder==
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*Cystitis cystica.
*[[Cystitis cystica]].


Pre-malignant/malignant:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
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*[[Malakoplakia]].
*[[Malakoplakia]].
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].
==Testis==
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia).
*[[Seminoma]].
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]].
*[[Yolk sac tumour]].
*[[Teratoma]].
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]].
*[[Leydig cell tumour]].
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]].


=Gynecologic pathology=
=Gynecologic pathology=
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
**Endometrioid.
**[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma|Endometrioid]].
**Mucinous.
**[[Mucinous endometrial carcinoma|Mucinous]].
**Serous.
**[[Serous endometrial carcinoma|Serous]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
*Decidua (change of pregnancy).
*Decidua (change of [[pregnancy]]).


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Clear cell carcinoma.
*[[Clear cell carcinoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]].


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==Ovary==
==Ovary==
Benign:
Benign:
*Serous cystadenoma.
*[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary|Serous cystadenoma]].
*Mucinous cystadenoma.
*[[Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary|Mucinous cystadenoma]].
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Endometriosis]].
*[[Endometriosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Serous carcinoma.
*[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary|Serous carcinoma]].
*Endometrioid carcinoma.
*[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary|Endometrioid carcinoma]].
*[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]].
*[[Ovarian mucinous carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
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==Fallopian tube==
==Fallopian tube==
Benign:
Benign:
*Paratubal cyst.
*[[Paratubal cyst]].
*Tubo-ovarian abscess.
*Tubo-ovarian abscess.
*[[Salpingitis]].
*[[Salpingitis]].
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]].
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]].
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
Pre-malignant:
*[[Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma]] (STIC).


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Serous carcinoma.
*[[Serous carcinoma]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
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Uncommon malignant:
Uncommon malignant:
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''.
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]].
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]].
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*Normal/resting.
*Normal/resting.
*Follicular hyperplasia.
*Follicular hyperplasia.
*[[Lymph node hyalinization]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Metastasis, esp. carcinoma.
*[[Lymph node metastasis]], esp. carcinoma.
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]].
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
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Benign:
Benign:
*Trauma.
*Trauma.
**[[Splenic laceration]].
*Normal.
*Normal.
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]].
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]].
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]].
=Placenta=
*Normal.
*[[Chorioamnionitis]].
**[[Funisitis]].
*[[Meconium]].
*[[Placentomegaly]].
*[[Placental infarction]].
Less common:
*[[TORCH infections]].
*[[Chorangioma]].
*[[Chorangiosis]].
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]].
=Brain=
*Normal
*[[Neuropathology#Reactive_change_vs._malignancy|Reactive changes]].
*[[Multiple sclerosis]].
*[[Neuropathology#Encephalitis|Encephalitis]].
*[[Neurodegenerative_diseases|Neurodegeneration]].
*[[Neuropathology_tumours|Neoplastic]].


=See also=
=See also=

Latest revision as of 20:58, 30 September 2021

The short power list is a short differential diagnosis for the most common specimens. This list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the differential diagnosis for the site. It assumes the specimen comes from an adult. There is an expanded long power list.

Bone

General

Benign:

Malignant:

Femoral head

Benign:

Uncommon - benign (fracture):

Uncommon - benign pediatric:

Uncommon - malignant (fracture):

Breast pathology

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign/malignant:

Cardiovascular pathology

General

Uncommon:

Aorta

Uncommmon:

Aortic valve

Uncommon:

Mitral valve

Uncommon:

Heart

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Dermatopathology

Benign - non-melanocytic:

Benign melanocytic lesions:

Malignant:

Endocrine pathology

Thyroid gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Adrenal gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Gastrointestinal pathology

Gastrointestinal polyp

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Uncommon - pre-malignant:

Esophagus

Benign:

Benign - uncommon:

Malignant:

Stomach

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Duodenum

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

  • Adenocarcinoma.

Uncommon benign:

Colon/rectum

Benign:

Benign - uncommon infectious:

Benign - uncommon:

Tumour:

Malignant:

Appendix

Benign:

Neoplasm:

Malignant:

  • Mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Liver

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Gallbladder

Benign:

Uncommon - risk for dysplasia:

Uncommon - malignant:

Genitourinary pathology

Tumour kidney

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Medical kidney

Prostate gland

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Urinary bladder

Benign:

Pre-malignant/malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Testis

Gynecologic pathology

Uterus

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Cervix - cytology

Benign:

  • Normal.
  • Candida.
  • Endometrial cells.
  • Atrophy.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

  • HSV changes.
  • Trichomonas.

Ovary

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Fallopian tube

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Head and neck

General

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Salivary gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Lymph node

Benign:

Malignant:

Pulmonary pathology

Benign:

  • Normal.

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Soft tissue

Benign:

Malignant:

Spleen

Benign:

Malignant:

Placenta

Less common:

Brain


See also