Short power list

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The short power list is a short differential diagnosis for the most common specimens. This is list is written for juniors and should serve as a starting point if you have no clue about the differential diagnosis for the site. It assumes the specimen comes from an adult.

Breast pathology

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign/malignant:

Cardiovascular pathology

General

Uncommon:

Aorta

Uncommmon:

Aortic valve

Uncommon:

Mitral valve

Uncommon:

Heart

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Endocrine pathology

Thyroid gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Adrenal gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Femoral head

Benign:

Uncommon - benign (fracture):

  • Trauma.
  • Osteoporosis.

Uncommon - benign pediatric:

  • Slipped femoral capital epiphysis (SFCE).
  • Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome.

Uncommon - malignant (fracture):

  • Metastasis.

Gastrointestinal pathology

Appendix

Benign:

Neoplasm:

Malignant:

  • Mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Gallbladder

Benign:

Uncommon - pre-malignant:

  • Intestinal metaplasia.

Uncommon - malignant:

  • Adenocarcinoma.

Gastrointestinal polyp

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Uncommon - pre-malignant:

Stomach

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

  • Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
  • Signet-ring cell carcinoma.
  • GIST.

Duodenum

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

  • Adenocarcinoma.

Uncommon benign:

Liver

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Genitourinary pathology

Tumour kidney

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Medical kidney

Prostate gland

Benign:

Malignant:

  • Acinar adenocarcinoma.

Uncommon - malignant:

  • Ductal adenocarcinoma.
  • Urothelial carcinoma.

Urinary bladder

Benign:

Pre-malignant/malignant:

  • Urothelial dysplasia.
  • Papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade.
  • Papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade.
  • Flat urothelial carcinoma.

Uncommon - benign:

Gynecologic pathology

Uterus

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

  • Decidua (change of pregnancy).

Uncommon - malignant:

Cervix - cytology

Benign:

  • Normal.
  • Candida.
  • Endometrial cells.
  • Atrophy.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

  • LSIL.
  • HSIL.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Adenocarcinoma.

Uncommon - benign:

  • HSV changes.
  • Trichomonas.

Ovary

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Fallopian tube

Benign:

Malignant:

  • Serous carcinoma.

Uncommon - benign:

Head and neck

General

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Salivary gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Lymph node

Benign:

  • Normal/resting.
  • Follicular hyperplasia.

Malignant:

Pulmonary pathology

Benign:

  • Normal.

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Spleen

Benign:

  • Trauma.
  • Normal.
  • Enlargement due to cirrhosis.

Malignant:

See also