Difference between revisions of "Urinary bladder"
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The '''urinary bladder''' stores urine | The '''urinary bladder''' stores urine between urination, i.e. trips to the washroom to go pee. It gets the urine from the [[ureter]]s and exspells it via the [[urethra]]. | ||
It is commonly afflicted by [[cancer]]. A well-know mimicker of cancer is ''[[malakoplakia]]''.<ref name=pmid17102055>{{cite journal |author=Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Woodward PJ, Manning MA, Davis CJ |title=From the archives of the AFIP: Inflammatory and nonneoplastic bladder masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=1847–68 |year=2006 |pmid=17102055 |doi=10.1148/rg.266065126 |url=}}</ref> | It is commonly afflicted by [[cancer]]. A well-know mimicker of cancer is ''[[malakoplakia]]''.<ref name=pmid17102055>{{cite journal |author=Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Woodward PJ, Manning MA, Davis CJ |title=From the archives of the AFIP: Inflammatory and nonneoplastic bladder masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=1847–68 |year=2006 |pmid=17102055 |doi=10.1148/rg.266065126 |url=}}</ref> | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
==Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder== | ==Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder== | ||
{{Main|Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder}} | {{Main|Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder}} | ||
*Rare type of bladder cancer | *Rare type of bladder cancer. | ||
*''Urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation'' is much more common. | |||
==Urachal carcinoma== | ==Urachal carcinoma== | ||
{{Main|Urachal carcinoma}} | {{Main|Urachal carcinoma}} | ||
==Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder== | ==Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder== | ||
| Line 74: | Line 60: | ||
**Used if no carcinomatous component is identified with extensive sampling. | **Used if no carcinomatous component is identified with extensive sampling. | ||
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]]. | *[[Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]]. | ||
**Should be positive for keratins and chromogranin A. | **Should be positive for [[keratins]] and chromogranin A. | ||
===IHC=== | ===IHC=== | ||
| Line 81: | Line 67: | ||
*Myogenin +ve. | *Myogenin +ve. | ||
*Keratins -ve. | *Keratins -ve. | ||
==Metastasis to the urinary bladder== | |||
{{Main|Urinary bladder metastasis}} | |||
=Other= | |||
==Urinary bladder infarct== | |||
{{Main|Infarction}} | |||
===General=== | |||
*Case report rare - as the organ has many colaterals.<ref name=pmid3394185>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nino-Murcia | first1 = M. | last2 = Friedland | first2 = GW. | title = Bladder infarct. | journal = Urol Radiol | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 234-6 | month = | year = 1988 | doi = | PMID = 3394185 }}</ref> | |||
*May be seen in association with [[pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia]].<ref name=pmid23228381>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kryvenko | first1 = ON. | last2 = Epstein | first2 = JI. | title = Pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia of the bladder: clinical findings and followup of 70 patients. | journal = J Urol | volume = 189 | issue = 6 | pages = 2083-6 | month = Jun | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.005 | PMID = 23228381 }}</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid3394185/> | |||
*[[Necrosis]] without liquefaction. | |||
**Outlines of cells visible. | |||
**No nuclei present. | |||
Note: | |||
*Liquefaction implies an infectious etiology.<ref name=pmid3394185/> | |||
==Urinary bladder amyloidosis== | |||
{{Main|Urinary bladder amyloidosis}} | |||
==Tubular adenoma of the urinary bladder== | |||
{{Main|Tubular adenoma of the urinary tract}} | |||
==Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder== | |||
{{Main|Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder}} | |||
==Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder== | |||
{{Main|Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder}} | |||
==Cystitis== | |||
:See ''[[urothelium]]''. | |||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
Latest revision as of 03:23, 17 January 2017
The urinary bladder stores urine between urination, i.e. trips to the washroom to go pee. It gets the urine from the ureters and exspells it via the urethra.
It is commonly afflicted by cancer. A well-know mimicker of cancer is malakoplakia.[1]
Normal
Microscopic
- Muscularis mucosae - thin, discontinuous.
- Fat - many be in lamina propria.
Note:
- On TURBT - don't ever call pT3.
Grossing
- AKA cut-up.
Main article: Partial cystectomy
Main article: Radical cystectomy
Main article: Cystoprostatectomy
Urinary bladder cancer
The most common type of cancer to affect the bladder is urothelial carcinoma. This is covered in the urothelium article.
Risk factors for bladder cancer SEX LIC:
- Schistomsoma haematobium - esp. squamous cell carcinoma.[2]
- EXtrophy of the bladder.
- Lithiasis.
- Indwelling catheter or chronic Inflammation.[2]
- Cyclophosphamide.
DDx:
- Urothelial carcinoma - most common in the Western world.
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder - most common in areas with Schistosoma.
- Adenocarcinoma.
- Urachal adenocarcinoma.
- Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.
- Metastatic adenocarcinoma - usu. colorectal adenocarcinoma.
- Other tumours - rare.
- Rhabdomyosarcomatous tumour.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma.[3]
Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Main article: Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
- Rare type of bladder cancer.
- Urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation is much more common.
Urachal carcinoma
Main article: Urachal carcinoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder
Main article: Rhabdomyosarcoma
General
- Considered extremely rare in adults.[3]
Microscopic
- See rhabdomyosarcoma.
DDx:
- Rhabdomyosarcomatous sarcomatoid carcinoma - more common than RMS in adults.
- Requires the identification of a carcinoma component.
- Rhabdomyomatous tumour.[3]
- Used if no carcinomatous component is identified with extensive sampling.
- Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
- Should be positive for keratins and chromogranin A.
IHC
Features:[3]
- Desmin +ve.
- Myogenin +ve.
- Keratins -ve.
Metastasis to the urinary bladder
Main article: Urinary bladder metastasis
Other
Urinary bladder infarct
Main article: Infarction
General
- Case report rare - as the organ has many colaterals.[4]
- May be seen in association with pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia.[5]
Microscopic
Features:[4]
- Necrosis without liquefaction.
- Outlines of cells visible.
- No nuclei present.
Note:
- Liquefaction implies an infectious etiology.[4]
Urinary bladder amyloidosis
Main article: Urinary bladder amyloidosis
Tubular adenoma of the urinary bladder
Main article: Tubular adenoma of the urinary tract
Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder
Main article: Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder
Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder
Main article: Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder
Cystitis
- See urothelium.
See also
References
- ↑ Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Woodward PJ, Manning MA, Davis CJ (2006). "From the archives of the AFIP: Inflammatory and nonneoplastic bladder masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation". Radiographics 26 (6): 1847–68. doi:10.1148/rg.266065126. PMID 17102055.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Michaud, DS.. "Chronic inflammation and bladder cancer.". Urol Oncol 25 (3): 260-8. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.10.002. PMID 17483025.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Bing, Z.; Zhang, PJ. (2011). "Adult urinary bladder tumors with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation: clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical studies.". Diagn Pathol 6: 66. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-6-66. PMID 21762516.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Nino-Murcia, M.; Friedland, GW. (1988). "Bladder infarct.". Urol Radiol 9 (4): 234-6. PMID 3394185.
- ↑ Kryvenko, ON.; Epstein, JI. (Jun 2013). "Pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia of the bladder: clinical findings and followup of 70 patients.". J Urol 189 (6): 2083-6. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.005. PMID 23228381.