Short power list

The short power list is a short differential diagnosis for the most common specimens.

Breast pathology

Benign:

• Normal.
• Fibroadenoma.
• Fibrocystic change.
• Columnar cell change.

Malignant:

• DCIS.
• Ductal carcinoma.
• Lobular carcinoma.
• Tubular carcinoma.

Cardiovascular pathology

General

• Vasculitis.
• Thrombosis.

Aorta

• Atherosclerosis.
• Cystic medial degeneration.

Aortic valve

• Calcific aortic stenosis.
• Endocarditis.
• Myxomatous degeneration.
• Papillary fibroelastoma.

Mitral valve

• Rheumatic heart disease.
• Myxomatous degeneration.

Heart

• Atrial myxoma.

Gastrointestinal pathology

Appendix

Benign:

• Normal.
• Appendicitis.
• Periappendicitis.

Neoplasm/malignant:

• Neuroendocrine tumour.
• Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN).
• Mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Gallbladder

Benign:

• Cholelithiasis.
• Cholesterolosis.
• Acute cholecystitis.
• Chronic cholecystitis.
• Intestinal metaplasia.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

• Adenocarcinoma.

Gastrointestinal polyp

Benign:

• Normal.
• Hyperplastic polyp.
• Infectious colitis.
• Inflammatory bowel disease.

Pre-malignant:

• Tubular adenoma.
• Villous adenoma.
• Tubulovillous adenoma.
• Sessile serrated adenoma.

Stomach

Benign:

• Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
• Intestinal metaplasia.
• Chronic inflammation.
• Acute inflammation.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

• Dysplasia.
• Adenocarcinoma.
• GIST.

Duodenum

Benign:

• Normal.
• Celiac disease.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

• Dysplasia.
• Adenocarcinoma.

Liver

Benign:

• Steatosis.
• Hepatitis B.
• Hepatitis C.

Malignant:

• Metastatic adenocarcinoma.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Genitourinary pathology

Tumour kidney

Benign:

• Normal.
• Renal oncocytoma.
• Angiomyolipoma.
• Papillary adenoma.

Malignant:

• Clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
• Papillary renal cell carcinoma.
• Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Medical kidney

• Diabetic nephropathy.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Prostate gland

Benign:

• Normal.
• Chronic inflammation.
• Acute inflammation.
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Malignant:

• Acinar adenocarcinoma.
• Ductal adenocarcinoma.
• Urothelial carcinoma.

Urinary bladder

Benign:

• Inverted urothelial papilloma.
• Cystitis cystica.
• Malakoplakia.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

• Urothelial dysplasia.
• Papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade.
• Papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade.
• Flat urothelial carcinoma.

Thyroid gland

Benign:

• Nodular hyperplasia.
• Lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Malignant:

• Papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Gynecologic pathology

Uterus

Benign:

• Fibroids.
• Adenomyosis.
• Atrophy.
• Prolapse.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

• Endometrial hyperplasia.
• Endometrial carcinoma.

Cervix

Benign:

• Normal.
• Candida.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

• LSIL.
• HSIL.
• Squamous cell carcinoma.
• Adenocarcinoma.

Ovary

Benign:

• Serous cystadenoma.
• Mucinous cystadenoma.
• Mature teratoma.
• Endometriosis.

Malignant:

• Serous carcinoma.
• Endometrioid carcinoma.
• Mucinous carcinoma.

See also

• Diagnosis.