Difference between revisions of "Ethanol abuse"
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'''Ethanol abuse''' is the excessive consumption of ethyl alcohol ''or'' ethanol. | [[Image:The wine is a mocker 1663-1664 Jan Steen.jpg|thumb|A depiction of acute intoxication. ([[Wikipedia:Jan Steen|Jan Steen]])]] | ||
'''Ethanol abuse''' is the excessive consumption of ethyl alcohol ''or'' ethanol. | |||
In common usage, ''alcohol'' is used as a synonym for ''ethanol'', which is abbreviated ''EtOH''. '''Alcohol abuse''' causes | In common usage, ''alcohol'' is used as a synonym for ''ethanol'', which is abbreviated ''EtOH''. '''Alcohol abuse''' causes a large number of medical problems. It includes both acute and chronic problems, and affects a multitude of systems. | ||
In pathology, ''alcohol'' may refer to the [[fixation|fixative]]; it is a chemical used to preserve tissue. | In pathology, ''alcohol'' may refer to the [[fixation|fixative]]; it is a chemical used to preserve tissue. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 13: | ||
* GGT elevated. | * GGT elevated. | ||
* MCV increased. | * MCV increased. | ||
===Toxicity=== | |||
Acute toxicity is discussed in the section ''[[ethanol toxicity]]''. | |||
===Pathology associated with alcohol=== | ===Pathology associated with alcohol=== | ||
Head & neck: | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | |||
Luminal GI tract: | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus]]. | |||
*[[Reactive gastropathy]]. | |||
*[[Gastric adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
Liver: | Liver: | ||
*[[Alcoholic liver disease]]. | *[[Alcoholic liver disease]]. | ||
| Line 19: | Line 31: | ||
**[[Liver steatosis]], macrovesicular and centrilobular. | **[[Liver steatosis]], macrovesicular and centrilobular. | ||
**[[Cirrhosis]], micronodular. | **[[Cirrhosis]], micronodular. | ||
***[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]. | |||
Pancreas: | |||
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]. | |||
**[[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]. | |||
CNS: | CNS: | ||
*[[Marchiafava-Bignami Disease]]. | *[[Marchiafava-Bignami Disease]]. | ||
*[[Wernicke's encephalopathy]]. | *[[Wernicke's encephalopathy]]. | ||
*[[Intracranial haemorrhage]] - due to trauma arising from drunkenness. | *[[Intracranial haemorrhage]] - due to trauma arising from drunkenness. | ||
*[[Blunt force trauma]] - accidental. | |||
*[[Choking]] - increased risk with acute intoxication. | |||
*[[Dementia]]. | *[[Dementia]]. | ||
Cardiovascular: | Cardiovascular: | ||
*[[Hypertension]]. | *[[Hypertension]]. | ||
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]. | |||
*[[Atrial fibrillation]]. | *[[Atrial fibrillation]]. | ||
| Line 37: | Line 57: | ||
[[Category:Clinical]] | [[Category:Clinical]] | ||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | |||
Latest revision as of 05:52, 9 January 2015
A depiction of acute intoxication. (Jan Steen)
Ethanol abuse is the excessive consumption of ethyl alcohol or ethanol.
In common usage, alcohol is used as a synonym for ethanol, which is abbreviated EtOH. Alcohol abuse causes a large number of medical problems. It includes both acute and chronic problems, and affects a multitude of systems.
In pathology, alcohol may refer to the fixative; it is a chemical used to preserve tissue.
General
- Very common.
Classic lab findings in alcohol abusers
- AST & ALT elevated with AST:ALT=2:1.
- GGT elevated.
- MCV increased.
Toxicity
Acute toxicity is discussed in the section ethanol toxicity.
Pathology associated with alcohol
Head & neck:
Luminal GI tract:
Liver:
- Alcoholic liver disease.
- Alcoholic steatohepatitis.
- Liver steatosis, macrovesicular and centrilobular.
- Cirrhosis, micronodular.
Pancreas:
CNS:
- Marchiafava-Bignami Disease.
- Wernicke's encephalopathy.
- Intracranial haemorrhage - due to trauma arising from drunkenness.
- Blunt force trauma - accidental.
- Choking - increased risk with acute intoxication.
- Dementia.
Cardiovascular:
Respiratory: