Difference between revisions of "Small cell carcinoma"

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*[[Chloroma]].
*[[Chloroma]].
*[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]] - usu. [[CD56]] positive, may be keratin positive and positive for other [[neuroendocrine markers]].<ref name=pmid18487991>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bahrami | first1 = A. | last2 = Gown | first2 = AM. | last3 = Baird | first3 = GS. | last4 = Hicks | first4 = MJ. | last5 = Folpe | first5 = AL. | title = Aberrant expression of epithelial and neuroendocrine markers in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a potentially serious diagnostic pitfall. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 21 | issue = 7 | pages = 795-806 | month = Jul | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2008.86 | PMID = 18487991 }}</ref>
*[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]] - usu. [[CD56]] positive, may be keratin positive and positive for other [[neuroendocrine markers]].<ref name=pmid18487991>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bahrami | first1 = A. | last2 = Gown | first2 = AM. | last3 = Baird | first3 = GS. | last4 = Hicks | first4 = MJ. | last5 = Folpe | first5 = AL. | title = Aberrant expression of epithelial and neuroendocrine markers in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a potentially serious diagnostic pitfall. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 21 | issue = 7 | pages = 795-806 | month = Jul | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2008.86 | PMID = 18487991 }}</ref>
*[[Atypical lung carcinoid tumour]] (lung only).
*[[Typical lung carcinoid tumour]] (lung only).
*Other [[small round cell tumours]].
*Other [[small round cell tumours]].


Latest revision as of 13:12, 26 April 2016

Micrograph showing a small cell carcinoma.

Small cell carcinoma is a type of carcinoma. It is mostly commonly from the lung; 95% of cases are from the lung.[1]

It may be abbreviated SCC, leading to confusion with squamous cell carcinoma.

Overview

Grouping

May be grouped as:[1]

Sites other than lung

General

Classic tumour with paraneoplastic syndromes - may be associated with:[7]

  • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
    • Clinical: hyponatremia.
  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
  • Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Small cells -- typically 15-20 micrometers ~ 2x the size of RBC.
  • Scant cytoplasm.
  • Stippled chromatin +/- smudging of the chromatin.
  • +/-Nuclear moulding.

DDx:

Images

Cytology

  • Small cell carcinoma - cytology - Field stain. (WC)

  • SmCC - Diff-Quik - high mag. (WC)

  • SmCC - Diff-Quik - very high mag. (WC)

  • SmCC - Diff-Quik - extremely high mag. (WC)

  • SmCC - Pap stain - very high mag. (WC)

  • SmCC - Pap stain - extremely high mag. (WC)

Metastatic

  • Metastatic small cell carcinoma - high mag. (WC)

  • Metastatic small cell carcinoma - very high mag. (WC)

Small cell carcinoma in a lymph node

  • Small cell carcinoma in a lymph node - low mag. (WC)

  • Small cell carcinoma in a lymph node - intermed. mag. (WC)

  • Small cell carcinoma in a lymph node - high mag. (WC)

  • Small cell carcinoma in a lymph node - very high mag. (WC)

IHC

  • Neuroendocrine markers +ve - confirm the diagnosis.
  • IHC not particularity useful for determination of the primary site.[9] ‡

Note:

  • ‡ A CT chest should be done to assess for a lung tumour; fortunately, lung small cell carcinoma and extrapulmonary small cell cancer are treated similarily.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Grossman, RA.; Pedroso, FE.; Byrne, MM.; Koniaris, LG.; Misra, S. (May 2011). "Does surgery or radiation therapy impact survival for patients with extrapulmonary small cell cancers?". J Surg Oncol. doi:10.1002/jso.21976. PMID 21618245.
  2. ↑ Furtado, P.; Lima, MV.; Nogueira, C.; Franco, M.; Tavora, F. (2011). "Review of small cell carcinomas of the prostate.". Prostate Cancer 2011: 543272. doi:10.1155/2011/543272. PMID 22110988.
  3. ↑ Cesaretti, M.; Guarnieri, A.; Gaggelli, I.; Tirone, A.; Francioli, N.; Carli, AF.. "Small cell carcinoma of the breast. Report of a case.". Ann Ital Chir 82 (1): 61-4. PMID 21657157.
  4. ↑ Beach, DF.; Klump, WJ.; Haddad, G.; Reid, LM.; Schwarting, R.; Hageboutros, A. (Jun 2011). "Extrapulmonary small cell: a novel case of small cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland.". Med Oncol. doi:10.1007/s12032-011-9996-7. PMID 21644012.
  5. ↑ Morikawa, H.; Nakayama, Y.; Maeda, T.; Nadatani, Y.; Kobayashi, S.; Iwai, S.; Enomoto, M.; Tamori, A. et al. (Dec 2008). "A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the liver that was treated with chemotherapy.". Hepatol Int 2 (4): 500-4. doi:10.1007/s12072-008-9090-1. PMID 19669327.
  6. ↑ Choi, SJ.; Kim, JM.; Han, JY.; Ahn, SI.; Kim, JS.; Kim, L.; Park, IS.; Chu, YC. (Dec 2007). "Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the liver: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings.". Yonsei Med J 48 (6): 1066-71. doi:10.3349/ymj.2007.48.6.1066. PMID 18159605.
  7. ↑ Sher, T.; Dy, GK.; Adjei, AA. (Mar 2008). "Small cell lung cancer.". Mayo Clin Proc 83 (3): 355-67. PMID 18316005.
  8. ↑ Bahrami, A.; Gown, AM.; Baird, GS.; Hicks, MJ.; Folpe, AL. (Jul 2008). "Aberrant expression of epithelial and neuroendocrine markers in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a potentially serious diagnostic pitfall.". Mod Pathol 21 (7): 795-806. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2008.86. PMID 18487991.
  9. ↑ Lobins, R.; Floyd, J. (Feb 2007). "Small cell carcinoma of unknown primary.". Semin Oncol 34 (1): 39-42. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2006.10.027. PMID 17270664.
  10. ↑ Brennan, SM.; Gregory, DL.; Stillie, A.; Herschtal, A.; Mac Manus, M.; Ball, DL. (Feb 2010). "Should extrapulmonary small cell cancer be managed like small cell lung cancer?". Cancer 116 (4): 888-95. doi:10.1002/cncr.24858. PMID 20052730.
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