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| This article deals with '''dermatologic neoplasms'''. It includes '''dermatologic cancer''', which can be deadly. Collectively, dermatologic cancers are the most common form of cancer. | | This article deals with '''dermatologic neoplasms''', also known as '''skin tumours'''. It includes '''dermatologic cancer''', which can be deadly. Collectively, dermatologic cancers are the most common form of cancer. |
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| An introduction to dermatopathy is found in the ''[[dermatopathology]]'' article. Non-malignant disease is covered in the ''[[non-malignant skin disease]]'' article. | | An introduction to dermatopathy is found in the ''[[dermatopathology]]'' article. Non-malignant disease is covered in the ''[[non-malignant skin disease]]'' article. |
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| =The Big Three malignant= | | =The Big Three malignant= |
| ==Basal cell carcinoma== | | ==Basal cell carcinoma== |
| *Abbreviated ''BCC''.
| | {{Main|Basal cell carcinoma}} |
| ===General===
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| *Very common.
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| *Sun exposed skin.
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| *Hair bearing area; tumour derived from hair follicle - a more appropriate name might be ''trichoblastic carcinoma''.<ref name=Ref_Derm389>{{Ref Derm|389}}</ref>
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| *Very rarely metastasizes:
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| **Dermatopathologists might see a couple in their career.
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| **There are only ~ 300 literature reports of metastatic BCC.<ref name=pmid16208438>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ting | first1 = PT. | last2 = Kasper | first2 = R. | last3 = Arlette | first3 = JP. | title = Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: report of two cases and literature review. | journal = J Cutan Med Surg | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 10-5 | month = Jan | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1007/s10227-005-0027-1 | PMID = 16208438 }}</ref>
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| | |
| ====Clinical====
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| *Telangiectasias.
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| *Raised pearly nodule.
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| | |
| ====As part of a syndrome====
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| *[[Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome]] (NBCCS), AKA ''Gorlin syndrome''.
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| *[[Bazex syndrome]] (X-linked).<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1101146-diagnosis http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1101146-diagnosis]. Accessed on: 6 May 2010.</ref>
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| *[[Xeroderma pigmentosum]].
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| | |
| ===Microscopic===
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| Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1180-1>{{Ref PBoD8|1180-1}}</ref><ref name=Ref_Derm390>{{Ref Derm|390}}</ref>
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| #Basaloid cells - similar in appearance to basal cells:
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| #*Moderate blue/grey cytoplasm.
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| #*Dark ovoid/ellipsoid nucleus with uniform chromatin.
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| #Palisading of cells at the edge of the cell nests.
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| #Artefactual separation of cells (forming the nests) from the underlying stroma - '''key feature'''.
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| #Surrounded by blue [[myxoid stroma|(myxoid) stroma]] - '''key feature'''.
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| | |
| May be present:<ref name=Ref_Derm390>{{Ref Derm|390}}</ref>
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| *[[Dystrophic calcification]] - possibly more aggressive behaviour.<ref name=pmid20489568>{{Cite journal | last1 = Slodkowska | first1 = EA. | last2 = Cribier | first2 = B. | last3 = Peltre | first3 = B. | last4 = Jones | first4 = DM. | last5 = Carlson | first5 = JA. | title = Calcifications associated with basal cell carcinoma: prevalence, characteristics, and correlations. | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 32 | issue = 6 | pages = 557-64 | month = Aug | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181ca65e2 | PMID = 20489568 }}</ref>
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| *[[Amyloid]].
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| *Inflammation.
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| | |
| Notes:
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| *Palisading = the long axes of the cells are alined and the axes are perpendicular to the interface between the (basaloid cell) nests and stroma.
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| *Key elements in a list: Artefactual clefting (of nests), Basaloid cells, Peripheral palisading, Myxoid stroma.
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| **Memory device ''PAM'': palisading, artefactual clefts, myxoid stroma.
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| | |
| DDx:
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| *[[Trichoepithelioma]] - no artefactual cleft.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1180-1>{{Ref PBoD8|1180-1}}</ref>
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| *[[Adenoid cystic carcinoma]] - no myxoid stroma, no peripheral palisading.
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| *[[Eccrine poroma]] - on palms & soles, BCC rarely found there.<ref>{{Ref DCHH|284}}</ref>
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| *Reticulated [[seborrheic keratosis]] - for BCC, fibroepitheliomatous pattern.
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| *[[Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma]] - [[AKA]] squamous cell carcinoma, basaloid variant.
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| *[[Basosquamous carcinoma]] - squamous cell carcinoma with basal cell carcinoma (a collision tumour).
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| *[[Solar elastosis]] with ectatic [[blood vessel]]s.
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| | |
| ====Images====
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Basal_cell_carcinoma_-_2_-_intermed_mag.jpg | BCC - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
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| Image:Basal_cell_carcinoma_-_high_mag.jpg | BCC - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
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| Image:Basal_cell_carcinoma_pathology.jpg | BCC - poor quality. (WC)
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| Image:Basal_cell_carcinoma_fibroepitheliomatous_pattern_-_very_low_mag.jpg | Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus. (WC/Nephron)
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| Image:SkinTumors-P6040209.JPG | Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus. (WC)
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| </gallery>
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| *www:
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| **[http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/img/Dermatology%20Glossary/Glossary%20Histo%20Images/basal_cell_carcinoma_high_power.jpg BCC (ucsf.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/basal_cell_carcinoma.html http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/basal_cell_carcinoma.html]. Accessed on: 4 September 2011.</ref>
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| **[http://www.surgicalpathologyatlas.com/glfusion/mediagallery/media.php?f=1&sort=0&s=20080802171910891 BCC with fibroepitheliomatous pattern / fibroepithelioma of Pinkus (surgicalpathologyatlas.com)].
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| **[http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/indexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=930934558 BCC with fibroepitheliomatous pattern (dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu)].
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| | |
| ====Basal cell carcinoma subtypes/unique features====
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| *Many patterns exist.
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| *Recurrence higher in morpheaform (sclerosing), infiltrative, micronodular, and superficial patterns.<ref>Basal cell carcinoma. eMedicine. ''Prognosis'' section. URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-overview]. Accessed on: 17 September 2011.</ref>
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| *DG says the prognosis is similar for all BCC subtypes, except for ''sclerosing'' pattern and ''infiltrative'' pattern.<ref>Ghazarian, Danny; 14 September 2011.</ref>
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| | |
| The subtypes:<ref name=Ref_Derm392-5>{{Ref Derm|392-5}}</ref>
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| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
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| ! Pattern
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| ! Key histologic feature
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| ! Other histologic features
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| ! Other
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| |-
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| | Superficial pattern
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| | connected to epidermis
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
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| | Nodular pattern
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| | nodules
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| | partial detachment from epidermis
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| | subgroup ''micronodular'' = nests equal size ~ 0.2 mm dia., >=25% of lesion
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| |-
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| | Morpheaform (sclerosing) pattern
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| | stroma sclerosis
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| | often seen with ''infiltrative pattern'', DDx: desmoplastic trichoepithelioma<ref name=pmid22366669>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kirzhner | first1 = M. | last2 = Jakobiec | first2 = FA. | last3 = Borodic | first3 = G. | title = Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma: report of a unique periocular case. | journal = Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = e121-3 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1097/IOP.0b013e318245535a | PMID = 22366669 }}
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| </ref>
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| |-
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| | Infiltrative pattern
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| | small irregular cell aggregates
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| |
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| | often also sclerosing or morpheaform
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| |-
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| | Fibroepitheliomatous pattern
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| | cords and columns of basaloid cells
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| | fibrous stroma
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| | name of pattern comes from ''fibroepithelioma of Pinkus''; DDx: reticulated [[seborrheic keratosis]]
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| |-
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| | Infundibulocystic pattern
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| | small keratocysts (keratin cysts)
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| | usu. small, often in cords
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| | usu. indolent
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| |-
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| | Adenoidal pattern
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| | cribriform / pseudoglandular arch.
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| | myxoid stroma, peripheral palisading
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| | DDx: [[adenoid cystic carcinoma]]
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| |-
| |
| |}
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| | |
| Unique features/differentiation:<ref name=Ref_Derm392-5>{{Ref Derm|392-5}}</ref>
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| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
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| ! Differentiation / unique cell
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| ! Key histologic feature
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| ! Other histologic features
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| ! Other
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| |-
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| | Pigmented cells
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| | '''any pattern''' can have pigmentation
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| | pigment may be in malignant cell
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| | DDx: collision lesion with [[melanocytic lesion]]
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| |-
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| | Squamous differentiation (metatypical BCC)
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| | pink cytoplasm, keratinization
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| | assoc. with ulceration/tumour recurrence
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| |-
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| | Eccrine differentiation
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| | focal duct formation
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| | very rare, DDx: BCC engulfing sweat ducts
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| |-
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| | Clear cells (Clear cell BCC)
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| | clear cytoplasm
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| |
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| | due to glycogen
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| |}
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| | |
| ===IHC===
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| *CK5/6 +ve.
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| **Useful to assess [[margins]]... if very close.
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| *CD10 +ve.
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| *Actin +ve.
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| Squamous cell carcinoma versus basal cell carcinoma:
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| *BerEP4 +ve.
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| **SCC usually negative.<ref name=pmid19187107>{{Cite journal | last1 = Yu | first1 = L. | last2 = Galan | first2 = A. | last3 = McNiff | first3 = JM. | title = Caveats in BerEP4 staining to differentiate basal and squamous cell carcinoma. | journal = J Cutan Pathol | volume = 36 | issue = 10 | pages = 1074-176 | month = Oct | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01223.x | PMID = 19187107 }}</ref>
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| *EMA -ve.
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| **SCC usually positive.<ref name=pmid10971697>{{Cite journal | last1 = Beer | first1 = TW. | last2 = Shepherd | first2 = P. | last3 = Theaker | first3 = JM. | title = Ber EP4 and epithelial membrane antigen aid distinction of basal cell, squamous cell and basosquamous carcinomas of the skin. | journal = Histopathology | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 218-23 | month = Sep | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 10971697 }}</ref>
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| *SMA +ve.<ref>URL: [http://www.ihcworld.com/_newsletter/2004/2004-12_basal_cell_vs_squamous_v1.pdf http://www.ihcworld.com/_newsletter/2004/2004-12_basal_cell_vs_squamous_v1.pdf]. Accessed on: 19 December 2012.</ref>
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| **SCC usually negative.
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| | |
| ===Sign-out===
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| <pre>
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| SKIN LESION, SHAVE BIOPSY WITH ELECTRODESICCATION AND CURETTAGE (EDC):
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| - BASAL CELL CARCINOMA, MARGIN STATUS ASSESSED CLINICALLY DURING EDC.
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| - EXTENSIVE SOLAR ELASTOSIS.
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| </pre>
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| | |
| <pre>
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| SKIN LESION, RIGHT EAR, EXCISION:
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| - BASAL CELL CARCINOMA.
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| - MARGINS NEGATIVE FOR BASAL CELL CARCINOMA.
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| - EXTENSIVE SOLAR ELASTOSIS.
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| </pre>
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| | |
| <pre>
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| SKIN LESION, RIGHT TEMPLE, RE-EXCISION:
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| - BASAL CELL CARCINOMA, NODULAR, MARGINS NEGATIVE.
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| - DERMAL SCAR.
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| - EXTENSIVE SOLAR ELASTOSIS.
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| </pre>
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| | |
| ====Micro====
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| The sections show hair-bearing skin with nests of basaloid cells in the dermis. The basaloid nests have peripheral palisading of the nuclei, have numerous mitoses, and are surrounded by a myxoid stroma. The nests are well demarcated from the stroma and show focal clefting from the stroma. The margins are negative for basal cell carcinoma.
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|
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|
| ==Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin== | | ==Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin== |
| {{Main|Squamous carcinoma}}
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| *Abbreviated ''skin SCC'', ''SCC of the skin'', and ''SCC of skin''. | | *Abbreviated ''skin SCC'', ''SCC of the skin'', and ''SCC of skin''. |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin}} |
| Precursor:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1180>{{Ref PBoD8|1180}}</ref>
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| *[[Actinic keratosis]] (solar keratosis).
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| **Clinical: yellow-brown scaly, patches, sandpaper sensation.
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| Risk factors:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1180>{{Ref PBoD8|1180}}</ref>
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| *Sun exposure.
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| *Immune suppression (e.g. organ transplant recipients).
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| Notes:
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| *[[Keratoacanthoma]].
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| **Some don't believe this entity exists.
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| ***These people sign this entity as ''low grade squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma type''.<ref>RS. 17 May 2010.</ref>
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| | |
| ===Microscopic===
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| *See ''[[squamous cell carcinoma]]''.
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| | |
| High risk features - for SCC of the skin:<ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/SkinSquamousCell_11protocol.pdf http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/SkinSquamousCell_11protocol.pdf]. Accessed on: 29 March 2012.</ref>
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| *Primary site is ear ''or'' lip.†
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| *Clark level IV/V = reticular dermis or deeper.
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| *>=2 mm thickness -- measured from ''granular layer'' (stratum granulosum) ''or'' ulcer base to deepest aspect.
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| *[[Lymphovascular invasion]].
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| *Perineural invasion.
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| *Poorly differentiated.
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| Note:
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| * † The words used are "hair-bearing lip" - but there is considerable confusion about this as the AJCC manual contradicts itself.<ref name=pmid21151529>{{Cite journal | last1 = Buethe | first1 = D. | last2 = Warner | first2 = C. | last3 = Miedler | first3 = J. | last4 = Cockerell | first4 = CJ. | title = Focus Issue on Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Practical Concerns Regarding the 7th Edition AJCC Staging Guidelines. | journal = J Skin Cancer | volume = 2011 | issue = | pages = 156391 | month = | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1155/2011/156391 | PMID = 21151529 | PMC = 2990020 | URL = http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jsc/2011/156391/ }}</ref>
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| | |
| DDx:
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| *[[Inverted follicular keratosis]].
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| *[[Bowen disease]].
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| *[[Malignant melanoma]].
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| *[[Paget disease of the breast]].
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| *[[Eccrine carcinoma]]
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| | |
| ====Bowen disease====
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| '''Bowen disease''' is ''[[squamous cell carcinoma]] in situ'' of the skin.
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| *Its histomorphologic appearance may be similar to [[Paget disease of the breast]]/[[Extramammary Paget disease]], Toker cell hyperplasia and [[melanoma]].
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| **[[IHC]] is used to separate the entities definitively.
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| Histologic DDx of Bowen disease:
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| *Benign Toker cell hyperplasia.
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| *[[Malignant melanoma]].
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| *[[Paget disease of the breast]].
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| *[[Eccrine carcinoma]].
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| =====Images=====
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Bowen_disease_%281%29.jpg | Bowen disease - 1. (WC)
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| Image:Bowen_disease_%282%29.jpg | Bowen disease - 2. (WC)
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| Image:Bowen_disease_%283%29.jpg | Bowen disease - 3. (WC)
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| </gallery>
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| ===IHC===
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| Bowen's disease panel:
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| *CK5/6 +ve.<ref>RS. May 2010.</ref>
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| **Usu. -ve in [[Paget disease of the breast]]/[[Extramammary Paget disease]].
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| *S100 -ve, HMB-45 -ve.
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| **Both typically +ve in melanoma.
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| *CEA -ve<ref name=emed_pagets>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1101235-workup#a0721 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1101235-workup#a0721]. Accessed on: 2 September 2011.</ref> (+ve in [[Paget disease of the breast]]/[[Extramammary Paget disease]], -ve in Toker cells).
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| *CK7 -ve.
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| **Toker cells CK7 +ve.<ref name=pmid19601945>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nofech-Mozes | first1 = S. | last2 = Hanna | first2 = W. | title = Toker cells revisited. | journal = Breast J | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 394-8 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00743.x | PMID = 19601945 }}</ref>
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| ===Sign-out===
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| ====Invasive SCC====
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| <pre>
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| SKIN, SITE, BIOPSY:
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| - MODERATELY-DIFFERENTIATED INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, SEE COMMENT.
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| - NEGATIVE FOR LYMPHOVASCULAR INVASION.
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| - NEGATIVE FOR PERINEURAL INVASION.
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| COMMENT:
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| The nearest margin (lateral margin) is 1 mm. The tumour is 9 mm in maximal dimension.
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| </pre>
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| | |
| <pre>
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| SKIN, SITE, BIOPSY:
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| - INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY.
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| | |
| TUMOUR SUMMARY:
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| Histologic type: squamous cell carcinoma, type not otherwise specified.
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| Histologic grade: moderately differentiated.
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| Greatest dimension: ___ cm.
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| Tumour thickness: ___ mm.
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| Peripheral margin: negative for invasive carcinoma and in situ carcinoma.
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| Deep margin (invasive component): negative for invasive carcinoma.
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| Closest margin: deep margin, ___ mm.
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| Lymphovascular invasion: not identified.
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| Perineural invasion: not identified.
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| </pre>
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| | |
| ====Bowen's disease====
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| <pre>
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| SKIN LESION, RIGHT EAR, BIOPSY:
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| - SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN SITU (BOWEN'S DISEASE), INCOMPLETELY EXCISED.
| |
| | |
| COMMENT:
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| Complete excision of the lesion is recommended.
| |
| </pre>
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|
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|
| ==Melanoma== | | ==Melanoma== |
| {{Main|Malignant melanoma}} | | {{Main|Malignant melanoma}} |
| ===General===
| |
| *Known as the great mimicker in pathology; it may look like many things. | | *Known as the great mimicker in pathology; it may look like many things. |
|
| |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:
| |
| *Classic appearance of melanoma:
| |
| **Loosely cohesive; mix of small nests of cells, single cells.
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| **Usu. mixed of spindle and ovoid cell morphology.
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| **+/-Occasional large binucleated cells.
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| **+/-Cytoplasm: brown pigment (melanin).
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| **+/-Prominent (large) red nucleoli (like in ''serous carcinoma'' of the ovary).
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| **Often marked nuclear pleomorphism - variation in cell size, shape & staining (like in ''serous carcinoma'' of the ovary).
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| **[[Nuclear pseudoinclusions]] (like in ''papillary thyroid carcinoma'').
| |
|
| |
|
| =Less common malignant= | | =Less common malignant= |
| ==Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans== | | ==Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans== |
| *Abbreviated ''DFSP''. | | *Abbreviated ''DFSP''. |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans}} |
| *Dermal location.
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| *Destroys adnexal structures.
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| *Occasionally transforms to a (more aggressive) [[adult fibrosarcoma|fibrosarcoma]].<ref name=pmid21128251>{{Cite journal | last1 = Stacchiotti | first1 = S. | last2 = Pedeutour | first2 = F. | last3 = Negri | first3 = T. | last4 = Conca | first4 = E. | last5 = Marrari | first5 = A. | last6 = Palassini | first6 = E. | last7 = Collini | first7 = P. | last8 = Keslair | first8 = F. | last9 = Morosi | first9 = C. | title = Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans-derived fibrosarcoma: clinical history, biological profile and sensitivity to imatinib. | journal = Int J Cancer | volume = 129 | issue = 7 | pages = 1761-72 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.25826 | PMID = 21128251 }}</ref>
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| | |
| Treatment:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1183>{{Ref PBoD8|1183}}</ref>
| |
| *Wide excision.
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| *May include [[imatinib]] (Gleevec).
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| | |
| ===Gross===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_600>{{Ref PCPBoD8|600}}</ref>
| |
| *Firm plaque, often bosselated, usually on the trunk.
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| *+/-Ulceration.
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| | |
| Images:
| |
| *[http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/display.cfm?ImageID=-375107780 Protuberant DFSP (dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu)].
| |
| *[http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/indexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=-1421097348 Huge DFSP on back (dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu)].
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| *[http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/indexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=-109598044 Protuberant DFSP - gross and histology (dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu)].
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| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1183>{{Ref PBoD8|1183}}</ref>
| |
| *Dermal spindle cell lesion with storiform pattern.
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| **Spokes of the wheel-pattern.
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| *Contains adipose tissue within the tumour -- '''key feature'''.
| |
| **Described as "honeycomb pattern" and "Swiss cheese pattern".
| |
| | |
| Notes:
| |
| *Adnexal structure within tumour are preserved -- this is unusual for a malignant tumour -- '''important'''.
| |
| | |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Dermatofibroma]] - main DDx - has entrapment of collagen bundles at the edge of the lesion.
| |
| *[[Dermatomyofibroma]].<ref name=Ref_Derm504>{{Ref Derm|504}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| DDx of storiform pattern:
| |
| *DFSP.
| |
| *Dermatofibroma.
| |
| *[[Solitary fibrous tumour]].
| |
| *[[Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma]].
| |
| | |
| ====Images====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Storiform_pattern_-_intermed_mag.jpg | DFSP - storiform pattern - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Storiform_pattern_-_very_high_mag.jpg | DFSP - storiform pattern - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| www:
| |
| *[http://webpathology.com/image.asp?case=317&n=1 DFSP (webpathology.com)].
| |
| | |
| ===IHC===
| |
| Panel:<ref>AP. May 2009.</ref>
| |
| *CD34 +ve.
| |
| **Usually negative in dermatofibroma.<ref name=pmid7694515>{{cite journal |author=Abenoza P, Lillemoe T |title=CD34 and factor XIIIa in the differential diagnosis of dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans |journal=Am J Dermatopathol |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=429–34 |year=1993 |month=October |pmid=7694515 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name=pmid9129699>{{cite journal |author=Goldblum JR, Tuthill RJ |title=CD34 and factor-XIIIa immunoreactivity in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and dermatofibroma |journal=Am J Dermatopathol |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=147–53 |year=1997 |month=April |pmid=9129699 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *Factor XIIIa -ve.
| |
| **Usually positive in dermatofibroma.<ref name=pmid7694515>{{cite journal |author=Abenoza P, Lillemoe T |title=CD34 and factor XIIIa in the differential diagnosis of dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans |journal=Am J Dermatopathol |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=429–34 |year=1993 |month=October |pmid=7694515 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name=pmid9129699>{{cite journal |author=Goldblum JR, Tuthill RJ |title=CD34 and factor-XIIIa immunoreactivity in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and dermatofibroma |journal=Am J Dermatopathol |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=147–53 |year=1997 |month=April |pmid=9129699 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *S100 -ve (screen for melanoma).
| |
| *Caldesmin -ve (screen for muscle differentiation).
| |
| *Beta-catenin. (???)
| |
| *MIB1 (proliferation marker).
| |
| **Should not be confused with ''MIB-1'' a gene that regulates [[apoptosis]].
| |
| | |
| ===Molecular===
| |
| A characteristic [[translocation]] is seen:<ref>{{Ref PBoD8|1249}}</ref>
| |
| t(17;22)(q22;q15) COLA1/PDGFB.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma== | | ==Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma== |
| Line 381: |
Line 36: |
| ==Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma== | | ==Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma== |
| *Abbreviated CTCL. | | *Abbreviated CTCL. |
| | | {{Main|Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma}} |
| ===General===
| |
| *''Mycosis fungoides'' - is a subtype (???).
| |
| *CTCL is more common than cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL).<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1099540-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1099540-overview]. Accessed on: 24 August 2010.</ref><ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1098342-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1098342-overview]. Accessed on: 24 August 2010.</ref>
| |
| | |
| Stages - like [[Kaposi sarcoma]]:
| |
| *Patch.
| |
| *Plaque.
| |
| *Nodular.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| *Atypical lymphocytes:
| |
| **Have folded "cerebriform" nuclei; ''Sezary-Lutzner cells''.<ref name=Ref_Klatt385>{{Ref Klatt|385}}</ref>
| |
| *Grouping:
| |
| **Nests in the epidermis - known as "Pautrier microabscesses".
| |
| **Single lymphocytes in epidermis - without accompanying edema.
| |
| **Short linear arrays of lymphocytes along the basal layer of the epidermis; "epidermotropism".<ref name=Ref_Klatt385>{{Ref Klatt|385}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Lymphomatoid papulosis]].
| |
| | |
| ====Images====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Cutaneous_T-cell_lymphoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | CTCL - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Cutaneous_T-cell_lymphoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | CTCL - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| www:
| |
| *[http://www.jci.org/articles/view/24826/figure/2 CTCL (jci.org)].
| |
| *[http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/199872830-2/0/1709/I4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06694-8..50117-2--f2.fig CTCL (mdconsult.com)].
| |
| | |
| ===IHC===
| |
| Key stain:
| |
| *CD4 +ve.<ref>{{Ref PBoD8|1185}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| Other stains:
| |
| *CD3 +ve.
| |
| *CD8 -ve.
| |
| *CD20 -ve (to r/o significant B cell population).
| |
| *CD30 -ve.
| |
| *CD5 +ve.
| |
| *CD7 -ve (often lost first in T cell lymphomas).
| |
| *Ki-67 high.
| |
| *CD56 -ve.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Merkel cell carcinoma== | | ==Merkel cell carcinoma== |
| *Abbreviated ''MCC''.
| | {{Main|Merkel cell carcinoma}} |
| | |
| ===General===
| |
| Features:<ref name=pmid20418670>{{Cite journal | last1 = Calder | first1 = KB. | last2 = Smoller | first2 = BR. | title = New insights into merkel cell carcinoma. | journal = Adv Anat Pathol | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 155-61 | month = May | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181d97836 | PMID = 20418670 }}</ref>
| |
| *Rare.
| |
| *Aggressive course/poor prognosis.
| |
| *Neuroendocrine-like.<ref name=pmid19395876>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pulitzer | first1 = MP. | last2 = Amin | first2 = BD. | last3 = Busam | first3 = KJ. | title = Merkel cell carcinoma: review. | journal = Adv Anat Pathol | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 135-44 | month = May | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181a12f5a | PMID = 19395876 }}
| |
| </ref>
| |
| | |
| Etiology:
| |
| *Most caused by ''Merkel cell [[polyomavirus]]''.<ref name=pmid18202256>{{Cite journal | last1 = Feng | first1 = H. | last2 = Shuda | first2 = M. | last3 = Chang | first3 = Y. | last4 = Moore | first4 = PS. | title = Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma. | journal = Science | volume = 319 | issue = 5866 | pages = 1096-100 | month = Feb | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1126/science.1152586 | PMID = 18202256 }}</ref><ref name=pmid20418670/>
| |
| *Immunocompromised/immunosuppressed (e.g. organ transplant recipients).
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP491>{{Ref WMSP|491}}</ref>
| |
| *Neuroendocrine nuclear features - round nucleus, small nucleoli/no nucleolus, stippled chromatin - '''key feature'''.
| |
| *Typically medium size cells ~3x resting lymphocyte.
| |
| **May be small or large.
| |
| *Architecture: nests, sheets or trabeculae.
| |
| *Scant cytoplasm.
| |
| *Abundant mitoses. †
| |
| *+/-Nuclear moulding.
| |
| **Nuclei of adjacent cells conform to one another.
| |
| *+/-Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. ‡
| |
| | |
| Notes:
| |
| *† >10 mitoses/HPF = poor prognosis - definition suffers from [[HPFitis]].<ref name=capp_mcc>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols /2011/SkinMerkelCell_11protocol.pdf http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/SkinMerkelCell_11protocol.pdf]. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.</ref>
| |
| *‡ May be associated with a worse prognosis.<ref name=capp_mcc/>
| |
| *Merkel cell carcinoma [[lymph node metastases]] is difficult to diagnose with routine stains; use of IHC stains are advised.<ref name=capp_mcc/>
| |
| *Arise from the epidermis - very rarely in situ.<ref name=pmid15606676>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ferringer | first1 = T. | last2 = Rogers | first2 = HC. | last3 = Metcalf | first3 = JS. | title = Merkel cell carcinoma in situ. | journal = J Cutan Pathol | volume = 32 | issue = 2 | pages = 162-5 | month = Feb | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.00270.x | PMID = 15606676 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]] - no stippled chromatin, less mitoses active.
| |
| *Cutaneous [[Ewing sarcoma]] - sorted-out with immunostains.
| |
| *[[Lymphoma]].
| |
| **[[Burkitt lymphoma]].
| |
| *Metastatic [[small cell carcinoma]].
| |
| *Other [[small round cell tumours]].
| |
| | |
| ====Images====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Merkel_cell_carcinoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | MCC - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Merkel_cell_carcinoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | MCC - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Merkelcellcarcinoma_Tag.jpg | Merkel cell carcinoma - nested pattern (WC)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| www:
| |
| *[http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/HPI/CE/cytotechnology/cytosleuthquiz/nongyne/ng12hist.htm MCC (bccancer.bc.ca)].
| |
| *[http://www.joplink.net/prev/200403/07.html MCC (joplink.net)].
| |
| *[http://www.ispub.com/ispub/ijd/volume_5_number_2_8/concurrent_merkel_cell_carcinoma_and_bowen_s_disease_of_the_thigh/bowen-fig3.jpg Merkel cell carcinoma (ispub.com)].
| |
| *[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case398.html Merkel cell carcinoma - several images (upmc.edu)].
| |
| | |
| ===IHC===
| |
| Features:
| |
| *CK7 -ve.
| |
| *CK20 +ve (perinuclear dot-like).<ref name=pmid11533085>{{Cite journal | last1 = Leech | first1 = SN. | last2 = Kolar | first2 = AJ. | last3 = Barrett | first3 = PD. | last4 = Sinclair | first4 = SA. | last5 = Leonard | first5 = N. | title = Merkel cell carcinoma can be distinguished from metastatic small cell carcinoma using antibodies to cytokeratin 20 and thyroid transcription factor 1. | journal = J Clin Pathol | volume = 54 | issue = 9 | pages = 727-9 | month = Sep | year = 2001 | doi = | PMID = 11533085 | URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1731517/ }}</ref>
| |
| *CAM5.2 +ve (dot-like pattern).
| |
| *CD56 +ve.
| |
| *AE1/AE3 +ve.
| |
| *Merkel cell polyomavirus +ve ~85% of cases.<ref name=pmid21870327>{{Cite journal | last1 = Jung | first1 = HS. | last2 = Choi | first2 = YL. | last3 = Choi | first3 = JS. | last4 = Roh | first4 = JH. | last5 = Pyon | first5 = JK. | last6 = Woo | first6 = KJ. | last7 = Lee | first7 = EH. | last8 = Jang | first8 = KT. | last9 = Han | first9 = J. | title = Detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus in Merkel cell carcinomas and small cell carcinomas by PCR and immunohistochemistry. | journal = Histol Histopathol | volume = 26 | issue = 10 | pages = 1231-41 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 21870327 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| Others:
| |
| *TTF-1 -ve.
| |
| *NSE +ve.<ref name=pmid15606676/>
| |
| | |
| ===EM===
| |
| *''[[Neurosecretory granules]]'' ([[AKA]] dense-core granules).<ref name=pmid9062165>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gil-Moreno | first1 = A. | last2 = Garcia-Jiménez | first2 = A. | last3 = González-Bosquet | first3 = J. | last4 = Esteller | first4 = M. | last5 = Castellví-Vives | first5 = J. | last6 = Martínez Palones | first6 = JM. | last7 = Xercavins | first7 = J. | title = Merkel cell carcinoma of the vulva. | journal = Gynecol Oncol | volume = 64 | issue = 3 | pages = 526-32 | month = Mar | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 9062165 }}</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Eccrine carcinoma== | | ==Eccrine carcinoma== |
| Line 510: |
Line 58: |
|
| |
|
| ==Sebaceous carcinoma== | | ==Sebaceous carcinoma== |
| *[[AKA]] ''sebaceous cell carcinoma''.
| | {{Main|Sebaceous carcinoma}} |
| ===General===
| |
| *Malignant.
| |
| *May arise in a [[salivary gland]].<ref name=Warman/>
| |
| *Can be part of [[Muir-Torre syndrome]].
| |
| | |
| Notes:
| |
| *Sebaceous lesions (from benign to malignant): [[sebaceous hyperplasia]], [[sebaceous adenoma]], sebaceoma, sebaceous carcinoma.
| |
| | |
| ===Gross===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm431>{{Ref Derm|431}}</ref>
| |
| *Classically [[head and neck pathology|head and neck]] tumour.
| |
| *Yellow or red (ulcerated) nodule.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm431-2>{{Ref Derm|431-2}}</ref>
| |
| *Sebaceous differentiation - may be a minor component - '''key feature'''.
| |
| **Sebocytes = abundant pale fluffy cytoplasm with vacuolization.
| |
| *Basaloid cells - often dominant.
| |
| **May lead to confusion with basaloid tumours.
| |
| *Nodular or diffuse growth pattern surrounded by a dense fibrous stroma.
| |
| *Infiltrative border - '''important'''.
| |
| **The key difference with [[sebaceous adenoma]] in cases where there isn't significant nuclear atypia.
| |
| *+/-Nuclear atypia.
| |
| *+/-Squamous differentiation.
| |
| *+/-Foreign body-type [[giant cells]].
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Sebaceous adenoma]] - non-infiltrative border.
| |
| *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]], clear cell variant.
| |
| *[[Malignant melanoma]].
| |
| *[[Extramammary Paget disease]].
| |
| *[[Trichoblastoma]].
| |
| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]].
| |
| *[[Sweat gland carcinoma]].
| |
| | |
| ====Images====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Sebaceous_carcinoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Sebaceous carcinoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Sebaceous_carcinoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Sebaceous carcinoma - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| www:
| |
| *[http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-otorhinolaryngology/volume-9-number-2/sebaceous-adenocarcinoma-of-the-parotid-gland-a-case-report-and-literature-review.article-g01.fs.jpg Sebaceous carcinoma (ispub.com)].<ref name=Warman>URL: [http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_otorhinolaryngology/volume_9_number_2_11/article/sebaceous_adenocarcinoma_of_the_parotid_gland_a_case_report_and_literature_review.html http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_otorhinolaryngology/volume_9_number_2_11/article/sebaceous_adenocarcinoma_of_the_parotid_gland_a_case_report_and_literature_review.html]. Accessed on: 8 September 2011.</ref>
| |
| | |
| ====Grading====
| |
| Three tier system:<ref name=Ref_Derm431-2>{{Ref Derm|431-2}}</ref>
| |
| *Well-differentiated - sebocytes predominant.
| |
| *Moderately differentiated - sebocytes are easily recognized but a minor component.
| |
| *Poorly differentiated - sebocytes are rare.
| |
| | |
| ===IHC===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm431-2>{{Ref Derm|431-2}}</ref>
| |
| *CK7 +ve<ref name=pmid21592202>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ansai | first1 = S. | last2 = Arase | first2 = S. | last3 = Kawana | first3 = S. | last4 = Kimura | first4 = T. | title = Immunohistochemical findings of sebaceous carcinoma and sebaceoma: retrieval of cytokeratin expression by a panel of anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. | journal = J Dermatol | volume = 38 | issue = 10 | pages = 951-8 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01274.x | PMID = 21592202 }}</ref> - often weak.
| |
| *EMA +ve -- only sebaceous component.<ref name=pmid10369589/>
| |
| *CEA -ve.
| |
| **Positive in [[extramammary Paget disease]], sweat duct tumours.
| |
| | |
| Images:
| |
| *[http://archopht.jamanetwork.com/data/journals/ophth/9858/m_ecs8482f1.png Sebaceous carcinoma - EMA, AE1/AE3, CAM5.2 (jamanetwork.com)].<ref name=pmid10369589>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sinard | first1 = JH. | title = Immunohistochemical distinction of ocular sebaceous carcinoma from basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. | journal = Arch Ophthalmol | volume = 117 | issue = 6 | pages = 776-83 | month = Jun | year = 1999 | doi = | PMID = 10369589 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===Sign out===
| |
| <pre>
| |
| SKIN LESION, NOSE, BIOPSY:
| |
| - SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA, WELL-DIFFERENTIATED, COMPLETELY EXCISED IN THE PLANE OF SECTION.
| |
| | |
| COMMENT:
| |
| EMA staining marks the sebocytes. The lesion is negative for Ber-EP4.
| |
| | |
| Sebaceous carcinoma may be seen in the context of Muir-Torre syndrome.
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ====Micro====
| |
| =====Well differentiated=====
| |
| The sections show well-circumscribed dermal nests of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading,
| |
| surrounded by a dense fibrous stroma. The basaloid cells have distinct nucleoli. Focally, the
| |
| basaloid nests contain small clusters of cells with abundant pale, vacuolated, fluffy-appearing
| |
| cytoplasm (sebocytes). Mitotic activity is minimal.
| |
| | |
| There is no artefactual clefting between the stroma and basaloid cell nests. The epidermis
| |
| matures to the surface and does not have basal atypia.
| |
| | |
| The lesion is completely excised in the plane of section.
| |
| | |
| =====Poor differentiated=====
| |
| The sections show well-circumscribed dermal nests of basaloid cells with peripheral
| |
| palisading, surrounded by a dense fibrous stroma, that extend from the skin surface almost
| |
| to the adipose tissue. The basaloid cells have moderate nuclear atypia with occasional monstrous cells. Mitotic activity is abundant and atypical mitoses are present. The nests contain rare cells with pale, fluffy-appearing cytoplasm, suggestive of sebocytes.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Microcystic adnexal carcinoma== | | ==Microcystic adnexal carcinoma== |
| *[[AKA]] ''syringomatous carcinoma'', [[AKA]] ''sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma''.<ref name=dermaamin>URL: [http://www.dermaamin.com/site/histopathology-of-the-skin/65-m/1926-microcystic-adnexal-carcinoma-.html http://www.dermaamin.com/site/histopathology-of-the-skin/65-m/1926-microcystic-adnexal-carcinoma-.html]. Accessed on: 16 September 2011.</ref>
| | {{Main|Microcystic adnexal carcinoma}} |
| ===General===
| |
| *Low-grade tumour.
| |
| *Adults.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref>{{Ref Derm|412}}</ref>
| |
| *Small basaloid cells - often forming small cystic spaces - '''key feature'''.
| |
| **Very bland cytology.
| |
| *Fibrotic stroma.
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma]].
| |
| *Desmoplastic [[trichoepithelioma]] (DTE).<ref name=pmid22366669>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kirzhner | first1 = M. | last2 = Jakobiec | first2 = FA. | last3 = Borodic | first3 = G. | title = Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma: report of a unique periocular case. | journal = Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = e121-3 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1097/IOP.0b013e318245535a | PMID = 22366669 }}</ref>
| |
| *Infiltrative [[squamous cell carcinoma]].
| |
| | |
| Image:
| |
| *[http://www.dermaamin.com/site/images/histo-pic/m/microcystic-adnexal-carcinoma/microcystic-adnexal-carcinoma2.jpg Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (dermaamin.com)].<ref name=dermaamin>URL: [http://www.dermaamin.com/site/histopathology-of-the-skin/65-m/1926-microcystic-adnexal-carcinoma-.html http://www.dermaamin.com/site/histopathology-of-the-skin/65-m/1926-microcystic-adnexal-carcinoma-.html]. Accessed on: 16 September 2011.</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===IHC===
| |
| Features:<ref name=pmid23398472 >{{Cite journal | last1 = Sellheyer | first1 = K. | last2 = Nelson | first2 = P. | last3 = Kutzner | first3 = H. | last4 = Patel | first4 = RM. | title = The immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of microcystic adnexal carcinoma, desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and morpheaform basal cell carcinoma using BerEP4 and stem cell markers. | journal = J Cutan Pathol | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = 363-70 | month = Apr | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1111/cup.12085 | PMID = 23398472 }}</ref>
| |
| *BerEP4 -ve.
| |
| **Positive in [[sclerosing basal cell carcinoma]].
| |
| *CK15 -ve.
| |
| **Positive in DTE.
| |
| **Negative in sclerosing BCC.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Trichilemmal carcinoma== | | ==Trichilemmal carcinoma== |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Trichilemmal carcinoma}} |
| *Super rare.
| |
| *Not well-described.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref>{{Ref Derm|399-400}}</ref>
| |
| *Clear (glycogen-rich) cytoplasm in center of lesion.
| |
| *Peripheral palisading at edge of lesion - root sheath differentiation (hair follicle).
| |
| *Contiguous with hair follicle ''or'' assoc. with [[trichilemmoma]].
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]], clear cell variant.
| |
| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]], clear cell variant.
| |
| *[[Trichilemmoma]].
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Lymphomatoid papulosis== | | ==Lymphomatoid papulosis== |
| Line 685: |
Line 109: |
| ==Atypical fibroxanthoma== | | ==Atypical fibroxanthoma== |
| *Abbreviated ''AFX''. | | *Abbreviated ''AFX''. |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Atypical fibroxanthoma}} |
| *Typically head & neck region.<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1056204-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1056204-overview]. Accessed on 2 September 2011.</ref>
| |
| *Thought to be related to [[pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]];<ref name=pmid21664889>{{Cite journal | last1 = Withers | first1 = AH. | last2 = Brougham | first2 = ND. | last3 = Barber | first3 = RM. | last4 = Tan | first4 = ST. | title = Atypical fibroxanthoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. | journal = J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Jun | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.05.004 | PMID = 21664889 }}</ref> some say it is the same thing.<ref name=danny>Ghazarian, Danny; 16 September 2011.</ref>
| |
| *Usually benign.
| |
| **May metastasize - case report-type of occurrence.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = New | first1 = D. | last2 = Bahrami | first2 = S. | last3 = Malone | first3 = J. | last4 = Callen | first4 = JP. | title = Atypical fibroxanthoma with regional lymph node metastasis: report of a case and review of the literature. | journal = Arch Dermatol | volume = 146 | issue = 12 | pages = 1399-404 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.206 | PMID = 20713774 | URL = http://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=422416 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| Clinical:
| |
| *Rapid growth.
| |
| *Elderly.
| |
| *Good prognosis.<ref name=pmid20526171>{{Cite journal | last1 = Beer | first1 = TW. | last2 = Drury | first2 = P. | last3 = Heenan | first3 = PJ. | title = Atypical fibroxanthoma: a histological and immunohistochemical review of 171 cases. | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 32 | issue = 6 | pages = 533-40 | month = Aug | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181c80b97 | PMID = 20526171 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm521>{{Ref Derm|521}}</ref>
| |
| *Dermal lesion - '''key point'''.
| |
| *Marked nuclear atypia.
| |
| *Mitoses.
| |
| *Mulitnucleated cells.
| |
| *Foamy cytoplasm - '''key feature'''.
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Melanoma]].
| |
| *[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]] (MFH).
| |
| *[[Leiomyosarcoma]].
| |
| *Sarcomatoid [[squamous carcinoma]].
| |
| | |
| Notes:
| |
| *No Grenz zone. (???)
| |
| | |
| Image:
| |
| *[http://dermatology.cdlib.org/141/case_reports/afx/1.jpg AFX (cdlib.org)].<ref name=pmid18319023>{{Cite journal | last1 = Vandergriff | first1 = TW. | last2 = Reed | first2 = JA. | last3 = Orengo | first3 = IF. | title = An unusual presentation of atypical fibroxanthoma. | journal = Dermatol Online J | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6 | month = | year = 2008 | doi = | PMID = 18319023 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===IHC===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm521>{{Ref Derm|521}}</ref>
| |
| *S100 -ve (done to r/o melanoma).
| |
| *34betaE12 -ve.
| |
| *p63 -ve (done to exclude SCC)
| |
| **Scant staining not considered +ve.
| |
| *Desmin -ve (done to r/o leiomyosarcoma).
| |
|
| |
|
| =Benign= | | =Benign= |
| ==Syringoma== | | ==Syringoma== |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Syringoma}} |
| *Benign sweat duct tumour.
| |
| *Eccrine differentiation.
| |
| *Usually close to lower eyelid.<ref>{{Ref PBoD8|1177}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059871-diagnosis http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059871-diagnosis]. Accessed on: 12 May 2010.</ref>
| |
| *Proliferation of benign ducts with lined by a bilayer (as in normal sweat ducts) with abnormal architecture:
| |
| **Tadpole like appearing ducts.
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *Syringomatous adenomas of nipple (AKA syringoma of the nipple).<ref name=pmid22355740>{{Cite journal | last1 = Boecker | first1 = W. | last2 = Junkers | first2 = T. | last3 = Reusch | first3 = M. | last4 = Buerger | first4 = H. | last5 = Korsching | first5 = E. | last6 = Metze | first6 = D. | last7 = Decker | first7 = T. | last8 = Loening | first8 = T. | last9 = Lange | first9 = A. | title = Origin and differentiation of breast nipple syringoma. | journal = Sci Rep | volume = 2 | issue = | pages = 226 | month = | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1038/srep00226 | PMID = 22355740 |URL = http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120117/srep00226/full/srep00226.html }}</ref>
| |
| *[[Chondroid syringoma]]. (???)
| |
| | |
| Images:
| |
| *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/2329061316/ Syringoma (flickr.com)].
| |
| *[http://dermatology.cdlib.org/144/tumors/axillary_syringoma/2.jpg Syringoma (dermatology.cdlib.org)].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nosrati | first1 = N. | last2 = Coleman | first2 = NM. | last3 = Hsu | first3 = S. | title = Axillary syringomas. | journal = Dermatol Online J | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 13 | month = | year = 2008 | doi = | PMID = 18627735 |URL = http://dermatology.cdlib.org/144/tumors/axillary_syringoma/hsu.html}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Chondroid syringoma== | | ==Chondroid syringoma== |
| Line 762: |
Line 133: |
|
| |
|
| Images: | | Images: |
| *[http://archive.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-dermatology/volume-7-number-1/cutaneous-mixed-tumor.article-g01.fs.jpg Chondroid syringoma - low mag. (ispub.com)].<ref name=ispub_mts>URL: [http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_dermatology/volume_7_number_2_23/article/cutaneous_mixed_tumor.html http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_dermatology/volume_7_number_2_23/article/cutaneous_mixed_tumor.html]. Access on: 21 September 2011.</ref> | | *[https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/apocrine-mixed-tumour-pathology Chondroid syringoma (DermnetNZ)]. |
| *[http://archive.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-dermatology/volume-7-number-1/cutaneous-mixed-tumor.article-g02.fs.jpg Chondroid syringoma - high mag. (ispub.com)].<ref name=ispub_mts>URL: [http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_dermatology/volume_7_number_2_23/article/cutaneous_mixed_tumor.html http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_dermatology/volume_7_number_2_23/article/cutaneous_mixed_tumor.html]. Access on: 21 September 2011.</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Dermal cylindroma== | | ==Dermal cylindroma== |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Dermal cylindroma}} |
| *Benign skin lesion.
| |
| **Occasionally malignant.<ref name=pmid16882695/>
| |
| *Should not be confused with ''cylindroma'' ([[adenoid cystic carcinoma]]).
| |
| *May be related to ''[[eccrine spiradenoma]]''.<ref name=pmid6302142>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gerber | first1 = JE. | last2 = Descalzi | first2 = ME. | title = Eccrine spiradenoma and dermal cylindroma. | journal = J Cutan Pathol | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 73-8 | month = Feb | year = 1983 | doi = | PMID = 6302142 }}</ref><ref name=pmid8936072>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = MW. | last2 = Kelly | first2 = JW. | title = Dermal cylindroma and eccrine spiradenoma. | journal = Australas J Dermatol | volume = 37 | issue = 1 | pages = 48-9 | month = Feb | year = 1996 | doi = | PMID = 8936072 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| May be familial:<ref name=pmid16882695/>
| |
| *Familial cylindromatosis (autosomal dominant).
| |
| *Brook–Spiegler syndrome.
| |
| | |
| ===Gross===
| |
| *Classically scalp - usually head and neck or face.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=pmid16882695/>
| |
| *Nests of cells that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle - the borders of the nests are opposed and undulate.
| |
| *#Basaloid cells with scant cytoplasm and dark nuclei palisade around the edge of the nests.
| |
| *#Larger cells with moderate eosinophilic cytoplasm and lighter staining nuclei are at the centre of the nests.
| |
| *Cells nests surrounded by a band of hyaline (i.e. glassy, eosinophilic, acellular) material ~ 2X thickness of a basilar cell - '''key feature'''.
| |
| **This is basement membrane.
| |
|
| |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Eccrine spiradenoma]].
| |
| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]] - has [[myxoid stroma]].
| |
| | |
| ====Images====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Dermal_cylindroma_intermed_mag.jpg | Dermal cylindroma. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Dermal_cylindroma_intermed_mag_deep.jpg | Dermal cylindroma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| www:
| |
| *[http://jcp.bmj.com/content/60/2/145/F7.large.jpg Dermal cylindroma (bmj.com)].<ref name=pmid16882695>{{Cite journal | last1 = Obaidat | first1 = NA. | last2 = Alsaad | first2 = KO. | last3 = Ghazarian | first3 = D. | title = Skin adnexal neoplasms--part 2: an approach to tumours of cutaneous sweat glands. | journal = J Clin Pathol | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 145-59 | month = Feb | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1136/jcp.2006.041608 | PMID = 16882695 | PMC = 1860616 | URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1860616/?tool=pubmed }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===Stains===
| |
| *PAS +ve (basement membrane).<ref name=pmid16882695/>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Keratoacanthoma== | | ==Keratoacanthoma== |
| *Abbreviated ''KA''.
| | {{Main|Keratoacanthoma}} |
| ===General===
| |
| *Generally considered to be benign.
| |
| **Rare reports of [[metastases]] suggesting it may be a form of [[squamous cell carcinoma]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mandrell JC, Santa Cruz D |title=Keratoacanthoma: hyperplasia, benign neoplasm, or a type of squamous cell carcinoma? |journal=Semin Diagn Pathol |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=150–63 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=20043514 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ====Clinical====
| |
| *May grow rapidly (weeks or months) then involute.
| |
| *Main DDx is [[squamous cell carcinoma]].
| |
| *Exophytic lesion, well-circumscribed.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Klatt378>{{Ref Klatt|378}}</ref>
| |
| *Expansion of stratum spinosum - pushing [[tongue]]-like downward growth of epidermis into the dermis.
| |
| *Keratin collection ("keratin plug") at the center of lesion-superficial aspect.
| |
| *Cells have glassy pink cytoplasm.
| |
| *Minimal/no nuclear atypia.
| |
| | |
| Note:
| |
| *Classically described as a "volcano lesion" with pale pink cells.
| |
| *May have features of regression - [[PMN]]s, fibrosis (???).
| |
| | |
| DDx:<ref name=Ref_Derm379>{{Ref Derm|379}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Verruca vulgaris]].
| |
| *Conventional [[squamous cell carcinoma of the skin]] with a cup-shape.
| |
| *[[Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia]].
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Image====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Skin_keratoacanthoma_whole_slide.jpg | Keratocanthoma. (WC)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| ==Sebaceous adenoma== | | ==Sebaceous adenoma== |
| ===General=== | | ===General=== |
| Line 856: |
Line 164: |
| ==Trichilemmoma== | | ==Trichilemmoma== |
| *May be spelled ''tricholemmoma''. | | *May be spelled ''tricholemmoma''. |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Trichilemmoma}} |
| *Benign neoplasm with features of the pilosebaceous follicular epithelium.<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059940-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059940-overview]. Accessed on: 2 September 2011.</ref>
| |
| *Associated with ''nevus sebaceous''.<ref name=pmid16503928>{{Cite journal | last1 = Baykal | first1 = C. | last2 = Buyukbabani | first2 = N. | last3 = Yazganoglu | first3 = KD. | last4 = Saglik | first4 = E. | title = [Tumors associated with nevus sebaceous]. | journal = J Dtsch Dermatol Ges | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 28-31 | month = Jan | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2006.05855.x | PMID = 16503928 }}</ref>
| |
| *Muliple trichilemmomas associated with [[Cowden syndrome]].<ref name=Ref_Derm386>{{Ref Derm|386}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm386>{{Ref Derm|386}}</ref>
| |
| *Superficial dermal lesion contiguous with the epidermis:
| |
| **Core of lesion:
| |
| ***Cuboidal cells with round nuclei, eosinophilic-clear cytoplasm.
| |
| **Periphery of lesion:
| |
| ***Surrounded by hyaline band.
| |
| ***Peripheral palisading.
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Trichilemmal carcinoma]].
| |
| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]].
| |
| *[[Inverted follicular keratosis]].
| |
| | |
| Images:
| |
| *[http://ccr.cancer.gov/staff/images/9033_12822_Lee_1520.jpg Trichilemmoma - low mag. (cancer.gov)].<ref name=lee>URL: [http://ccr.cancer.gov/staff/gallery.asp?profileid=12822 http://ccr.cancer.gov/staff/gallery.asp?profileid=12822]. Accessed on: 2 September 2011.</ref>
| |
| *[http://ccr.cancer.gov/staff/images/9033_12822_Lee_1521.jpg Trichilemmoma - high mag. (cancer.gov)].<ref name=lee/>
| |
| *[http://dermimages.med.jhmi.edu/images/trichilemmoma_1_060109.jpg Trichilemmoma (jhmi.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/indexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=667496720 http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/indexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=667496720]. Accessed on: 2 September 2011.</ref>
| |
| *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40981620@N04/3812019838/in/pool-1185084@N23/ Trichilemmoma - low mag. (flickr.com/Irlam)].
| |
| *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40981620@N04/3812019930/in/pool-1185084@N23/ Trichilemmoma - intermed. mag. (flickr.com/Irlam)].
| |
| *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40981620@N04/3811204517/in/pool-1185084@N23/ Trichilemmoma - high mag. (flickr.com/Irlam)].
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Eccrine poroma== | | ==Poroma== |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Poroma}} |
| *Benign tumour arising from the distal sweat duct.
| |
| *Erythematous - gross.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675(06)70190-5 http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675(06)70190-5]. Accessed on: 2 July 2010.</ref>
| |
| *Broad sheets of basaloid cells - attached to the epidermis - containing ductal structures - '''key feature'''.
| |
| *Biphasic stroma:
| |
| *#Edematous stroma.
| |
| *#Sclerotic stroma.
| |
| *Moderate nuclear pleomorphism.
| |
| *+/-Occasional mitoses.
| |
| | |
| Notes:
| |
| *Area above gland appears crusted.
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Trichilemmoma]].
| |
| *[[Nodular hidradenoma]].
| |
| | |
| Images:
| |
| *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40981620@N04/3808316834/in/photostream/ Eccrine poroma - low mag. (flickr.com)]
| |
| *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40981620@N04/3807502071/in/photostream Eccrine poroma - intermed. mag. (flickr.com)].
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Nodular hidradenoma== | | ==Nodular hidradenoma== |
| *[[AKA]] ''eccrine acrospiroma''.<ref name=pmid18319032>{{Cite journal | last1 = Punia | first1 = RP. | last2 = Garg | first2 = S. | last3 = Bal | first3 = A. | last4 = Mohan | first4 = H. | title = Pigmented nodular hidradenoma masquerading as nodular malignant melanoma. | journal = Dermatol Online J | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 15 | month = | year = 2008 | doi = | PMID = 18319032 |URL = http://dermatology.cdlib.org/141/case_presentations/hidradenoma/punia.html }}</ref> | | *[[AKA]] ''eccrine acrospiroma''.<ref name=pmid18319032>{{Cite journal | last1 = Punia | first1 = RP. | last2 = Garg | first2 = S. | last3 = Bal | first3 = A. | last4 = Mohan | first4 = H. | title = Pigmented nodular hidradenoma masquerading as nodular malignant melanoma. | journal = Dermatol Online J | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 15 | month = | year = 2008 | doi = | PMID = 18319032 |URL = http://dermatology.cdlib.org/141/case_presentations/hidradenoma/punia.html }}</ref> |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Nodular hidradenoma}} |
| *Benign adnexal tumour.<ref name=pmid9537017>{{Cite journal | last1 = Stratigos | first1 = AJ. | last2 = Olbricht | first2 = S. | last3 = Kwan | first3 = TH. | last4 = Bowers | first4 = KE. | title = Nodular hidradenoma. A report of three cases and review of the literature. | journal = Dermatol Surg | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 387-91 | month = Mar | year = 1998 | doi = | PMID = 9537017 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| Typical locations:<ref name=pmid18319032/>
| |
| *Scalp.
| |
| *Face.
| |
| *Trunk, anterior.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=pmid9537017/>
| |
| *Well-circumscribed dermal lesions with:
| |
| **Back-to-back nests with a whorled appearance.
| |
| **Spaces between cells.
| |
| **Nuclei ovoid and centrally placed in the cell.
| |
| ***No nucleolus.
| |
| **Cystic spaces with degenerated cells.
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Eccrine poroma]].
| |
| | |
| ====Images====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Nodular_hidradenoma_-_low_mag.jpg | Nodular hidradenoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Nodular_hidradenoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Nodular hidradenoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Nodular_hidradenoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Nodular hidradenoma - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| ===IHC===
| |
| Features:<ref name=pmid9537017/>
| |
| *CAM5.2 +ve.
| |
| *AE1/AE3 +ve.
| |
| *EMA +ve.
| |
| *S100 -ve.
| |
| *Desmin -ve.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Trichoblastoma== | | ==Trichoblastoma== |
| *[[AKA]] ''trichoepithelioma''.
| | {{Main|Trichoblastoma}} |
| **''Trichoepithelioma'' is considered a superficial version of trichoblastoma; WHO lumps the two entities together.<ref name=Ref_Derm383>{{Ref Derm|383}}</ref>
| |
| ===General===
| |
| *Benign.
| |
| **Maligant counterpart of trichoepithelioma: [[trichilemmal carcinoma]].
| |
| *May be familial:
| |
| **Multiple familial trichoepithelioma.<ref name=pmid15289313>{{Cite journal | last1 = Salhi | first1 = A. | last2 = Bornholdt | first2 = D. | last3 = Oeffner | first3 = F. | last4 = Malik | first4 = S. | last5 = Heid | first5 = E. | last6 = Happle | first6 = R. | last7 = Grzeschik | first7 = KH. | title = Multiple familial trichoepithelioma caused by mutations in the cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene. | journal = Cancer Res | volume = 64 | issue = 15 | pages = 5113-7 | month = Aug | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0307 | PMID = 15289313 }}</ref>
| |
| **Brooke-Spiegler syndrome.
| |
| | |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1060049-workup#a0723 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1060049-workup#a0723]. Accessed on: 31 August 2011.</ref>
| |
| *Well-circumscribed cell nest in the superficial dermis.
| |
| *Surrounding by a fibrous stroma.
| |
| *Basaloid cells with [[peripheral palisading]].
| |
| *+/-Surround keratin-filled cysts.
| |
| *Fibroblasts-like cell aggregate, similar to a follicular papillae (papillary-mesenchymal body).
| |
| | |
| Notes:
| |
| *Very rarely an artefactual cleft - as in [[basal cell carcinoma]].
| |
| | |
| Variants:
| |
| *Desmoplastic trichoblastoma.
| |
| | |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]] - usu. mitoses, [[myxoid stroma]] and '''no''' papillary-mesenchymal bodies.
| |
| *[[Dermal cylindroma]] - has hyaline stroma.
| |
| *[[Trichofolliculoma]].
| |
| *[[Sebaceous carcinoma]], well-differentiated - has some cells with clear vacuolated cytoplasm.
| |
| | |
| ===Images====
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:Trichoepithelioma_-_low_mag.jpg | Trichoepithelioma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| Image:Trichoepithelioma_-_high_mag.jpg | Trichoepithelioma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| www:
| |
| *[http://img.medscape.com/pi/emed/ckb/dermatology/1048885-1055824-1060049-1348744.jpg Papillary-mesenchymal body (medscape.com)].<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1060049-workup#a0723 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1060049-workup#a0723 Papillary-mesenchymal body (emedicine.medscape.com)]. Accessed on: 22 August 2012.</ref>
| |
| *[http://skinpathologyatlas.com/tumors/hair/images/trichofollic-20x-pal.jpg Papillary-mesenchymal body (skinpathologyatlas.com)].<ref>URL: [http://skinpathologyatlas.com/tumors/hair/trichofollic.htm http://skinpathologyatlas.com/tumors/hair/trichofollic.htm]. Accessed on: 22 August 2012.</ref>
| |
| *[http://www.dermnetnz.org/common/image.php?path=/pathology/img/t/trichoepitheliomafigure3.jpg Trichoepithelioma (dermnetnz.org)].
| |
| | |
| ===Sign out===
| |
| <pre>
| |
| SKIN LESION, NOSE, BIOPSY:
| |
| - TRICHOBLASTOMA, COMPLETELY EXCISED.
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ====Micro====
| |
| The sections show well-circumscribed dermal nests of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading surrounded by a dense fibrous stroma. There is no artefactual clefting between the stroma and basaloid cell nests. Mitotic activity is minimal. Smaller hyperchromatic spindled-to-epithelioid cells in clusters (papillary-mesenchymal bodies) are found within the basaloid cells nests.
| |
| | |
| The epidermis show maturation to the surface and does not have basal atypia.
| |
| | |
| The lesion is completely excised in the plane of section.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Trichofolliculoma== | | ==Trichofolliculoma== |
| | {{Main|Trichofolliculoma}} |
|
| |
|
| ===General===
| |
| *Benign.
| |
|
| |
| ===Microscopic===
| |
| Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm382>{{Ref Derm|382}}</ref>
| |
| *Irregular hair follicle (basilar nest of cells with an acellular hair shaft) with:
| |
| **Smaller satellites (follicles) consisting of well-circumscribed basilar cells.
| |
|
| |
| Note:
| |
| *Lack artificial clefting between the (basilar) nests and stroma (seen in [[BCC]]).
| |
| *Surrounding stroma does not have a basophilic tingle (seen in [[BCC]]).
| |
|
| |
| DDx:
| |
| *[[Trichoblastoma]].
| |
| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]].
| |
|
| |
| ====Images====
| |
| www:
| |
| *[http://www.dermatopathonline.com/trichofolliculoma2.html Trichofolliculoma - several images (dermatopathonline.com)].
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| Image:SkinTumors-P6190340.JPG | Trichofolliculoma. (WC)
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| ==Apocrine carcinoma of the skin== | | ==Apocrine carcinoma of the skin== |
| ===General=== | | ===General=== |
| Line 1,045: |
Line 203: |
|
| |
|
| ===IHC=== | | ===IHC=== |
| *GCDFP-15 (gross cystic disease fluid protein-15) +ve.<ref name=pmid7678545/> | | *[[GCDFP-15]] (gross cystic disease fluid protein-15) +ve.<ref name=pmid7678545/> |
|
| |
|
| ==Dermatomyofibroma== | | ==Dermatomyofibroma== |
| Line 1,089: |
Line 247: |
|
| |
|
| Note: | | Note: |
| *The ''digital papillary adenoma'' is considered malignant; the AFIP says these are best classified as ''adenocarcinomas'', i.e. ''digital papillary adenocarcinoma''.<ref name=pmid10843279>{{Cite journal | last1 = Duke | first1 = WH. | last2 = Sherrod | first2 = TT. | last3 = Lupton | first3 = GP. | title = Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (aggressive digital papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma revisited). | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 24 | issue = 6 | pages = 775-84 | month = Jun | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 10843279 }}</ref> | | *The ''digital papillary adenoma'' is considered malignant; the AFIP says these are best classified as ''adenocarcinomas'', i.e. ''[[digital papillary adenocarcinoma]]''.<ref name=pmid10843279>{{Cite journal | last1 = Duke | first1 = WH. | last2 = Sherrod | first2 = TT. | last3 = Lupton | first3 = GP. | title = Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (aggressive digital papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma revisited). | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 24 | issue = 6 | pages = 775-84 | month = Jun | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 10843279 }}</ref> |
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| ===Microscopic=== | | ===Microscopic=== |
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| DDx: | | DDx: |
| *Digital papillary adenocarcinoma - location important. | | *[[Digital papillary adenocarcinoma]] - location important. |
| *[[Tubular apocrine adenoma]] (tubulopapillary hidradenoma<ref name=pmid1566975>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fox | first1 = SB. | last2 = Cotton | first2 = DW. | title = Tubular apocrine adenoma and papillary eccrine adenoma. Entities or unity? | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 149-54 | month = Apr | year = 1992 | doi = | PMID = 1566975 }}</ref>) - a related tumour.<ref name=pmid8238787>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ishiko | first1 = A. | last2 = Shimizu | first2 = H. | last3 = Inamoto | first3 = N. | last4 = Nakmura | first4 = K. | title = Is tubular apocrine adenoma a distinct clinical entity? | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 15 | issue = 5 | pages = 482-7 | month = Oct | year = 1993 | doi = | PMID = 8238787 }}</ref> | | *[[Tubular apocrine adenoma]] (tubulopapillary hidradenoma<ref name=pmid1566975>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fox | first1 = SB. | last2 = Cotton | first2 = DW. | title = Tubular apocrine adenoma and papillary eccrine adenoma. Entities or unity? | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 149-54 | month = Apr | year = 1992 | doi = | PMID = 1566975 }}</ref>) - a related tumour.<ref name=pmid8238787>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ishiko | first1 = A. | last2 = Shimizu | first2 = H. | last3 = Inamoto | first3 = N. | last4 = Nakmura | first4 = K. | title = Is tubular apocrine adenoma a distinct clinical entity? | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 15 | issue = 5 | pages = 482-7 | month = Oct | year = 1993 | doi = | PMID = 8238787 }}</ref> |
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| *Vimentin +ve. | | *Vimentin +ve. |
| *CEA +ve. | | *CEA +ve. |
| *EMA +ve. | | *[[EMA]] +ve. |
| *S-100 +ve. | | *S-100 +ve. |
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