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Difference between revisions of "Course:Introduction to Neuropathology"
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Course:Introduction to Neuropathology (view source)
Revision as of 12:09, 2 October 2015
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*'''ATRX''' - Alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked is a member of the WSI/SNF chromatin remodelling family of proteins that have an important roel in sgegation of chromosomes during mitosis. It is expressed in the nuclei of all normal tissues and is lost in [[astrocytoma]]s that use alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) as their telomere maintenance mechanism. Since nuclear staining is lost only in IDH1 mutated astrocytomas, the antibody is a very usefula diagnostic biomarker to separate astrocytoma from [[oligodendroglioma]]. Itis however not useful to separate primary glioblastoma from other ATRX-positive tumors such as oligodendroglioma or brain metastases. | *'''ATRX''' - Alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked is a member of the WSI/SNF chromatin remodelling family of proteins that have an important roel in sgegation of chromosomes during mitosis. It is expressed in the nuclei of all normal tissues and is lost in [[astrocytoma]]s that use alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) as their telomere maintenance mechanism. Since nuclear staining is lost only in IDH1 mutated astrocytomas, the antibody is a very usefula diagnostic biomarker to separate astrocytoma from [[oligodendroglioma]]. Itis however not useful to separate primary glioblastoma from other ATRX-positive tumors such as oligodendroglioma or brain metastases. | ||
====Typical staining patterns==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Neuropathology_case_IX_02.jpg | [[H&E]] | |||
File:Neuropathology_case_IX_04.jpg | [[GFAP]] | |||
File:Neuropathology_case_IX_06.jpg | MIB-1 | |||
File:Neuropathology case IX.jpg | [[ATRX]] | |||
File:Neuroparthology case IX 0125.jpg | [[IDH1]] | |||
</gallery> | |||
[[Glioblastoma]] is a pleomorphic astroglial tumor with endothelial proliferations and necrosis. As expected by a malignant tumor, the number of proliferating cells (MIB-1) is high. The tumour cells often stain for GFAP. There is no ATRX loss and the IDH1 R132H mutation is absent (negative staining). | |||
A descriptive overview of various brain tumours is found [[Neuropathology tumours|here]]. | A descriptive overview of various brain tumours is found [[Neuropathology tumours|here]]. | ||