Difference between revisions of "Astrocytoma"

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Table with overview
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(Table with overview)
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An '''astrocytoma''' is a neoplasm derived from an [[neurohistology|astrocyte]].  Astrocytomas are common.  This article is a brief introduction them. An overview of CNS tumours is found in the ''[[CNS tumours]]'' article.
An '''astrocytoma''' is a neoplasm derived from an [[neurohistology|astrocyte]].  Astrocytomas are common.  This article is a brief introduction them. An overview of CNS tumours is found in the ''[[CNS tumours]]'' article.


=Overview=
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Type
! Variants / Patterns
! Image
|-
| Diffuse Astrocytoma, WHO II
| diffuse
| protoplasmatic, fibrillar, gemistocytic
| [[File:Astrocytoma whoII HE.jpg|thumb|center|150px]]
|-
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma, WHO III
| diffuse
| gliomatosis cerebri
| [[File:Anaplastic_astrocytoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px]]
|-
| Glioblastoma, WHO IV
| diffuse
| small cell, epitheloid/rhabdoid, with PNET componet, with granular cell component, giant cell, gliosarcoma
| [[File:Glioblastoma_(1).jpg|thumb|center|150px]]
|-
| Pilocytic astrocytoma, WHO I
| circumscribed
| pilomyxoid astrocytoma, anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma
| [[File:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg|thumb|center|150px]]
|-
| Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, WHO II (PXA)
| circumscribed
| anaplastic PXA
| [[File:PXA_HE_x20.jpg|thumb|center|150px]]
|-
| Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, WHO I (SEGA)
| circumscribed
| SEGA in tuberous sclerosis
| [[File:SEGA_HE.jpg|thumb|center|150px]]
|}
=Common=
=Common=
==Pilocytic astrocytoma==
==Pilocytic astrocytoma==
{{Main|Pilocytic astrocytoma}}
{{Main|Pilocytic astrocytoma}}
==Diffuse astrocytoma==
* Grade II and III diffuse astrocytic tumors
* Many of them carry IDH1/2 mutations


==Glioblastoma==
==Glioblastoma==
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=Uncommon=
=Uncommon=
==Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma==
{{Main|Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma}}
==Pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma==
==Pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma==
*Abbreviated ''PXA''.
*Abbreviated ''PXA''.
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*GFAP +ve -- required for Dx, may be patchy.
*GFAP +ve -- required for Dx, may be patchy.
*S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse.
*S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse.
==Gliomatosis cerebri==
* Extensively diffusely growing astrocytic neoplasm.
**Currently considered a pattern of diffuse glioma infiltration.
* More than 3 lobes have to be involved, us. bilateral (radiology).
* biologic behaviour corresponds to WHO III (ICD-O: 9381/3)
==H3.3 K27M mutated glioma of the midline==
* High-grade astrocytic neoplasm associated with midline structures
* Mostly in children and adolescents
* Includes diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DPIG)
* Will become provisonal variant in upcoming WHO 2016 classification
* Distinct biological and clinical group with poor prognosis <ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Khuong-Quang | first1 = DA. | last2 = Buczkowicz | first2 = P. | last3 = Rakopoulos | first3 = P. | last4 = Liu | first4 = XY. | last5 = Fontebasso | first5 = AM. | last6 = Bouffet | first6 = E. | last7 = Bartels | first7 = U. | last8 = Albrecht | first8 = S. | last9 = Schwartzentruber | first9 = J. | title = K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. | journal = Acta Neuropathol | volume = 124 | issue = 3 | pages = 439-47 | month = Sep | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1007/s00401-012-0998-0 | PMID = 22661320 }}</ref>


==Gliosarcoma==
==Gliosarcoma==
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