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Difference between revisions of "Invasive breast cancer"
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→Treatment-related markers - overview: breast ca in men
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**In the context of HER2 positivity, PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway dysregulation is a poor prognosticator.<ref name=pmid22454081>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gallardo | first1 = A. | last2 = Lerma | first2 = E. | last3 = Escuin | first3 = D. | last4 = Tibau | first4 = A. | last5 = Muñoz | first5 = J. | last6 = Ojeda | first6 = B. | last7 = Barnadas | first7 = A. | last8 = Adrover | first8 = E. | last9 = Sánchez-Tejada | first9 = L. | title = Increased signalling of EGFR and IGF1R, and deregulation of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway are related with trastuzumab resistance in HER2 breast carcinomas. | journal = Br J Cancer | volume = 106 | issue = 8 | pages = 1367-73 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1038/bjc.2012.85 | PMID = 22454081 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22172323>{{Cite journal | last1 = Jensen | first1 = JD. | last2 = Knoop | first2 = A. | last3 = Laenkholm | first3 = AV. | last4 = Grauslund | first4 = M. | last5 = Jensen | first5 = MB. | last6 = Santoni-Rugiu | first6 = E. | last7 = Andersson | first7 = M. | last8 = Ewertz | first8 = M. | title = PIK3CA mutations, PTEN, and pHER2 expression and impact on outcome in HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. | journal = Ann Oncol | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Dec | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1093/annonc/mdr546 | PMID = 22172323 }}</ref> | **In the context of HER2 positivity, PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway dysregulation is a poor prognosticator.<ref name=pmid22454081>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gallardo | first1 = A. | last2 = Lerma | first2 = E. | last3 = Escuin | first3 = D. | last4 = Tibau | first4 = A. | last5 = Muñoz | first5 = J. | last6 = Ojeda | first6 = B. | last7 = Barnadas | first7 = A. | last8 = Adrover | first8 = E. | last9 = Sánchez-Tejada | first9 = L. | title = Increased signalling of EGFR and IGF1R, and deregulation of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway are related with trastuzumab resistance in HER2 breast carcinomas. | journal = Br J Cancer | volume = 106 | issue = 8 | pages = 1367-73 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1038/bjc.2012.85 | PMID = 22454081 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22172323>{{Cite journal | last1 = Jensen | first1 = JD. | last2 = Knoop | first2 = A. | last3 = Laenkholm | first3 = AV. | last4 = Grauslund | first4 = M. | last5 = Jensen | first5 = MB. | last6 = Santoni-Rugiu | first6 = E. | last7 = Andersson | first7 = M. | last8 = Ewertz | first8 = M. | title = PIK3CA mutations, PTEN, and pHER2 expression and impact on outcome in HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. | journal = Ann Oncol | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Dec | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1093/annonc/mdr546 | PMID = 22172323 }}</ref> | ||
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*Male breast cancer is usually hormone receptor positive (~97%), and HER2 positivity is quite rare (~6%).<ref name=pmid24080492>{{Cite journal | last1 = Schildhaus | first1 = HU. | last2 = Schroeder | first2 = L. | last3 = Merkelbach-Bruse | first3 = S. | last4 = Binot | first4 = E. | last5 = Büttner | first5 = R. | last6 = Kuhn | first6 = W. | last7 = Rudlowski | first7 = C. | title = Therapeutic strategies in male breast cancer: Clinical implications of chromosome 17 gene alterations and molecular subtypes. | journal = Breast | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Sep | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1016/j.breast.2013.08.008 | PMID = 24080492 }}</ref> | |||
===ER & PR scoring=== | ===ER & PR scoring=== | ||
Nuclear staining:<ref name=Ref_Lester241-2>{{Ref Lester|241-2}}</ref> | Nuclear staining:<ref name=Ref_Lester241-2>{{Ref Lester|241-2}}</ref> | ||