Difference between revisions of "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma"

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{{ Infobox diagnosis
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Mucoepidermoid_carcinoma_-_2a_-_very_high_mag.jpg
| Image      = Mucoepidermoid_carcinoma_-_2a_-_very_high_mag.jpg  
| Width      =
| Width      =
| Caption    = Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. [[H&E stain]].
| Caption    = Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. [[H&E stain]].
| Micro      = mucous cells (abundant fluffy cytoplasm and large mucin vacuoles - nucleus distorted by mucin vacuole, cells may be scarce); epidermoid cells (non-keratinized, polygonal squamoid cell with clear or oncocytic cytoplasm); architecture - cystic (low grade) or solid (high grade)
| Micro      = mucous cells (abundant fluffy cytoplasm and large mucin vacuoles - nucleus distorted by mucin vacuole, cells may be scarce); epidermoid cells (non-keratinized, polygonal squamoid cell with clear or oncocytic cytoplasm); architecture - cystic (low grade) or solid (high grade)
| Subtypes  =
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      =
| LMDDx      = [[squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]], [[adenosquamous carcinoma]], [[pleomorphic adenoma]]
| Stains    = mucous cells: [[alcian blue stain]] +ve, [[mucicarcmine stain]] +ve
| Stains    = mucous cells: [[alcian blue stain]] +ve, [[mucicarmine stain]] +ve
| IHC        =
| IHC        =
| EM        =
| EM        =
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==General==
==General==
*Most common malignant neoplasm of salivary gland in all age groups.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case715/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case715/dx.html]. Accessed on: 2 February 2012.</ref>
*Most common malignant neoplasm of salivary gland in all age groups.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case715/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case715/dx.html]. Accessed on: 2 February 2012.</ref><ref name=pmid16003616>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bell | first1 = RB. | last2 = Dierks | first2 = EJ. | last3 = Homer | first3 = L. | last4 = Potter | first4 = BE. | title = Management and outcome of patients with malignant salivary gland tumors. | journal = J Oral Maxillofac Surg | volume = 63 | issue = 7 | pages = 917-28 | month = Jul | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16003616 }}</ref>
*Female:male ~= 3:2.
*Female:male ~= 3:2.
*Site: parotid > submandibular.
*Site: parotid > submandibular.


==Gross==
==Gross==
*Cystic or solid, usu. a mix of both.
*Cystic or solid, usually a mix of both.
 
Note:
*May mimic a benign cystic lesion grossly.
*Unicystic mucoepidermoid carcinoma is rare.<ref name=pmid22843640>{{cite journal |authors=Qannam A, Bello IO, Al-Kindi M, Al-Hindi M |title=Unicystic mucoepidermoid carcinoma presenting as a salivary duct cyst |journal=Int J Surg Pathol |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=181–5 |date=April 2013 |pmid=22843640 |doi=10.1177/1066896912454918 |url=}}</ref>


==Microscopic==
==Microscopic==
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*Mucin vacuoles may be rare; in a superficial glance -- it may mimic [[squamous cell carcinoma]].
*Mucin vacuoles may be rare; in a superficial glance -- it may mimic [[squamous cell carcinoma]].
*The thought of high-grade MEC should prompt consideration of squamous cell carcinoma.
*The thought of high-grade MEC should prompt consideration of squamous cell carcinoma.
DDx:<ref name=pmid22262946>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Mokhtari | first1 = S. | last2 = Mokhtari | first2 = S. | title = Clinical features and differential diagnoses in laryngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma. | journal = Clin Med Insights Pathol | volume = 5 | issue =  | pages = 1-6 | month =  | year = 2012 | doi = 10.4137/CPath.S8435 | PMID = 22262946 }}</ref>
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin]] - 75% of metastases to the parotid region are from the skin.<ref name=pmid2694753>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Zanetti | first1 = D. | last2 = Renaldini | first2 = G. | last3 = Peretti | first3 = G. | last4 = Antonelli | first4 = AR. | title = [Intra-parotid lymph node metastasis of malignant skin neoplasms of the head]. | journal = Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 381-90 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 2694753 }}</ref>
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].
*[[Adenosquamous carcinoma]].
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]].<ref name=pmid15754364>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Siddiqui | first1 = NH. | last2 = Wu | first2 = SJ. | title = Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of cystic pleomorphic adenoma with adnexa-like differentiation mimicking mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a case report. | journal = Diagn Cytopathol | volume = 32 | issue = 4 | pages = 229-32 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1002/dc.20215 | PMID = 15754364 }}</ref>


===Images===
===Images===
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</gallery>
</gallery>
www:
www:
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/D2A001-PQ01-M.htm Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256999/figure/f2-cpath-5-2012-001/ Low-grade MEC (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid22262946>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Mokhtari | first1 = S. | last2 = Mokhtari | first2 = S. | title = Clinical features and differential diagnoses in laryngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma. | journal = Clin Med Insights Pathol | volume = 5 | issue =  | pages = 1-6 | month =  | year = 2012 | doi = 10.4137/CPath.S8435 | PMID = 22262946 }}</ref>
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256999/figure/f3-cpath-5-2012-001/ Intermed. grade MEC (nih.gov)].
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256999/figure/f4-cpath-5-2012-001/ High-grade MEC (nih.gov)].
 
[[File: 5_20985699291686_sl 1.png|Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid, low grade]]
[[File: 5_20985699291686_sl 2.png|Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid, low grade]]
[[File: 5_20985699291686_sl 3.png|Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid, low grade]]
[[File: 5_20985699291686_sl 4.png|Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid, low grade]]
 
Low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma in left parotid of 51 year old woman. A. Tumor shows blue squamoud differentiation with cystic dilatation. B This focus shows more obvious cyst formation. C. Squamous component with round to spindled cancer cells; note that currently squamous pearls and high grade squamous cancer elements render the tumor a squamous carcinoma, according to Barnes. D. Glandular cell component.


===Subtypes===
===Subtypes===
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====AFIP====
====AFIP====
#Low cystic content (<20%) - 2 points.
#Low cystic component (<20%) - 2 points.
#[[Perineural invasion]] - 2 points.
#[[Perineural invasion]] - 2 points.
#[[Necrosis]] - 3 points.
#[[Necrosis]] - 3 points.
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Mucous cells:
Mucous cells:
*Alcian blue +ve.
*Alcian blue +ve.
*Mucicarcmine +ve.
*Mucicarmine +ve.
 
Notes:
*Above useful for MEC versus [[squamous cell carcinoma]].<ref name=pmid23960993>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Jastrzebski | first1 = A. | last2 = Brownstein | first2 = S. | last3 = Jordan | first3 = DR. | last4 = Gilberg | first4 = SM. | title = Histochemical analysis and immunohistochemical profile of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva. | journal = Saudi J Ophthalmol | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 205-10 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.01.004 | PMID = 23960993 }}</ref>
 
==IHC==
*CK7 +ve.
*CK20 -ve.
*CEA +ve.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Hassanin | first1 = MB. | last2 = Ghosh | first2 = L. | last3 = Das | first3 = AK. | last4 = Waterhouse | first4 = JP. | title = Immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic study of histogenesis of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. | journal = J Oral Pathol Med | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 291-8 | month = May | year = 1989 | doi =  | PMID = 2475619 }}</ref>
 
==Sign out==
<pre>
A. Lymph Node, Deep Lobe of Left Parotid Gland, Excision:
    - One lymph node NEGATIVE for malignancy (0/1).
 
B. Parotid Gland - Left Deep Lobe, Excision:
    - MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA, low (AFIP) grade.
    -- Margins clear.
    -- Please see synoptic report.   
</pre>


==Molecular==
==Molecular==
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Salivary glands]].
*[[Salivary glands]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia]].


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Salivary glands]]
[[Category:Salivary gland]]

Latest revision as of 17:15, 25 March 2021

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, abbreviated MEC, the is the most common malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Diagnosis in short

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. H&E stain.
LM mucous cells (abundant fluffy cytoplasm and large mucin vacuoles - nucleus distorted by mucin vacuole, cells may be scarce); epidermoid cells (non-keratinized, polygonal squamoid cell with clear or oncocytic cytoplasm); architecture - cystic (low grade) or solid (high grade)
LM DDx squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, adenosquamous carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma
Stains mucous cells: alcian blue stain +ve, mucicarmine stain +ve
Molecular t(11;19)(q21;p13)
Gross solid, cystic or both
Site salivary gland, classically parotid gland
Signs mass lesion
Prevalence most common malignant salivary gland tumour, generally uncommon

General

  • Most common malignant neoplasm of salivary gland in all age groups.[1][2]
  • Female:male ~= 3:2.
  • Site: parotid > submandibular.

Gross

  • Cystic or solid, usually a mix of both.

Note:

  • May mimic a benign cystic lesion grossly.
  • Unicystic mucoepidermoid carcinoma is rare.[3]

Microscopic

Features:

  • Architecture:[4]
    • Cystic (low grade).
    • Solid (high grade).
  • Mucous cells with abundant fluffy cytoplasm and large mucin vacuoles - key feature.
    • Nucleus distorted by mucin vacuole.
    • Mucous cell may be scarce - more difficult to diagnose.
  • Epidermoid cells:
    • Non-keratinized, polygonal squamoid cell with clear or oncocytic cytoplasm.
      • Clear cells contain glycogen (PAS +ve, PAS-D -ve).

Notes:

  • The classic description - composed of 3 cell types: epidermoid, intermediate, and mucin producing.[5]
    • "Intermediate cells" are described in textbooks. Weinreb thinks they are a pretty much a myth.[6]
  • Mucin vacuoles may be rare; in a superficial glance -- it may mimic squamous cell carcinoma.
  • The thought of high-grade MEC should prompt consideration of squamous cell carcinoma.

DDx:[7]

Images

  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 2. (WC)

  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 3. (WC)

  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma - 2 - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma - 2 - high mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma - 2 - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)

www:

       

Low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma in left parotid of 51 year old woman. A. Tumor shows blue squamoud differentiation with cystic dilatation. B This focus shows more obvious cyst formation. C. Squamous component with round to spindled cancer cells; note that currently squamous pearls and high grade squamous cancer elements render the tumor a squamous carcinoma, according to Barnes. D. Glandular cell component.

Subtypes

  • Conventional.
  • Oncocytic.
    • Definition: composed of 50% oncocytes.
    • Good outcome.[10]
  • Clear cell.
  • Unicystic (cystadenocarcinoma).
    • Based on the gross. (???)
  • Sclerosing MEC +/- eosinophilia.
    • Rare.

Grading

General:

  • Two competing system exist:

Notes:

  • Both systems have their pros and cons.
  • Weinreb uses the AFIP system with a slight modification.

AFIP

  1. Low cystic component (<20%) - 2 points.
  2. Perineural invasion - 2 points.
  3. Necrosis - 3 points.
  4. Mitoses > 4 per 10 HPFs (HPF not defined in paper - see HPFitis) - 3 points.
  5. Anaplasia - 4 points.

Scoring:

  • Low grade = 0-4 points.
  • Intermediate grade = 5-6 points.
  • High grade = 7+ points.
Weinreb modification

Weinreb looks for the following:

  • Tumour invades in small nests/islands - 2 points.
    • If applicable, the two points are added to the AFIP score.
    • The tumour is graded using the AFIP (scoring) cut points -- see above.

Notes:

  • It seems pointless to memorize this but it is occasionally asked on exams.
    • How to remember: think of the Nottingham grading system (architecture, mitoses, nuclear grade) + necrosis + LVI.

Stains

Mucous cells:

  • Alcian blue +ve.
  • Mucicarmine +ve.

Notes:

IHC

  • CK7 +ve.
  • CK20 -ve.
  • CEA +ve.[14]

Sign out

A. Lymph Node, Deep Lobe of Left Parotid Gland, Excision:
     - One lymph node NEGATIVE for malignancy (0/1).

B. Parotid Gland - Left Deep Lobe, Excision:
     - MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA, low (AFIP) grade.
     -- Margins clear.
     -- Please see synoptic report.

Molecular

  • t(11;19)(q21;p13) -- MECT1-MAML2 fusion.[15][16]
    • Present in ~65% of MECs.
    • Presence assoc. with low-grade MEC (vs. high-grade MEC) & favourable prognosis.
    • Not seen in tumours that are in the DDx of MEC.

See also

References

  1. ↑ URL: http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case715/dx.html. Accessed on: 2 February 2012.
  2. ↑ Bell, RB.; Dierks, EJ.; Homer, L.; Potter, BE. (Jul 2005). "Management and outcome of patients with malignant salivary gland tumors.". J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63 (7): 917-28. PMID 16003616.
  3. ↑ Qannam A, Bello IO, Al-Kindi M, Al-Hindi M (April 2013). "Unicystic mucoepidermoid carcinoma presenting as a salivary duct cyst". Int J Surg Pathol 21 (2): 181–5. doi:10.1177/1066896912454918. PMID 22843640.
  4. ↑ URL: http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/D2A001-PQ01-M.htm. Accessed on: 19 October 2010.
  5. ↑ Lennerz, JK.; Perry, A.; Mills, JC.; Huettner, PC.; Pfeifer, JD. (Jun 2009). "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the cervix: another tumor with the t(11;19)-associated CRTC1-MAML2 gene fusion.". Am J Surg Pathol 33 (6): 835-43. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318190cf5b. PMID 19092631.
  6. ↑ IW. 10 January 2011.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mokhtari, S.; Mokhtari, S. (2012). "Clinical features and differential diagnoses in laryngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma.". Clin Med Insights Pathol 5: 1-6. doi:10.4137/CPath.S8435. PMID 22262946.
  8. ↑ Zanetti, D.; Renaldini, G.; Peretti, G.; Antonelli, AR.. "[Intra-parotid lymph node metastasis of malignant skin neoplasms of the head].". Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 9 (4): 381-90. PMID 2694753.
  9. ↑ Siddiqui, NH.; Wu, SJ. (Apr 2005). "Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of cystic pleomorphic adenoma with adnexa-like differentiation mimicking mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a case report.". Diagn Cytopathol 32 (4): 229-32. doi:10.1002/dc.20215. PMID 15754364.
  10. ↑ Weinreb I, Seethala RR, Perez-Ordoñez B, Chetty R, Hoschar AP, Hunt JL (March 2009). "Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma: clinicopathologic description in a series of 12 cases". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 33 (3): 409–16. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318184b36d. PMID 18971778.
  11. ↑ Goode RK, Auclair PL, Ellis GL (April 1998). "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the major salivary glands: clinical and histopathologic analysis of 234 cases with evaluation of grading criteria". Cancer 82 (7): 1217–24. PMID 9529011.
  12. ↑ Brandwein MS, Ivanov K, Wallace DI, et al. (July 2001). "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 80 patients with special reference to histological grading". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 25 (7): 835–45. PMID 11420454.
  13. ↑ Jastrzebski, A.; Brownstein, S.; Jordan, DR.; Gilberg, SM. (Apr 2012). "Histochemical analysis and immunohistochemical profile of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva.". Saudi J Ophthalmol 26 (2): 205-10. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.01.004. PMID 23960993.
  14. ↑ Hassanin, MB.; Ghosh, L.; Das, AK.; Waterhouse, JP. (May 1989). "Immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic study of histogenesis of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma.". J Oral Pathol Med 18 (5): 291-8. PMID 2475619.
  15. ↑ Tonon G, Modi S, Wu L, et al. (February 2003). "t(11;19)(q21;p13) translocation in mucoepidermoid carcinoma creates a novel fusion product that disrupts a Notch signaling pathway". Nat. Genet. 33 (2): 208–13. doi:10.1038/ng1083. PMID 12539049.
  16. ↑ Seethala RR, Dacic S, Cieply K, Kelly LM, Nikiforova MN (August 2010). "A reappraisal of the MECT1/MAML2 translocation in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinomas". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 34 (8): 1106–21. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181de3021. PMID 20588178.
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