Difference between revisions of "Nucleolus"

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[[Image:Epithelioid_sarcoma_-_cropped_-_very_high_mag.jpg|thumb|right|[[Micrograph]] showing a tumour (epithelioid sarcoma) with prominent nucleoli. [[H&E stain]].]]
The '''nucleolus''' (plural '''nucleoli''') is a thingy in the nucleus that may give the pathologist a clue to what they are looking at.
The '''nucleolus''' (plural '''nucleoli''') is a thingy in the nucleus that may give the pathologist a clue to what they are looking at.


Generally speaking, large nucleoli are uncommon.  They are associated with gene transcription activity and are seen in malignancy and reactive conditions.
Generally speaking, large nucleoli suggest something is happening - they are associated with gene transcription.  Large nucleoli are seen in malignancies and reactive conditions.


==Macronucleolus==
==Macronucleolus==
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Example:
Example:
*Reed-Sternberg cell ([[Hodgkin lymphoma]]) ~ 5-7 micrometers.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_329>{{Ref PCPBoD8|329}}</ref>
*Reed-Sternberg cell ([[Hodgkin lymphoma]]) ~ 5-7 micrometers.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_329>{{Ref PCPBoD8|329}}</ref>
===Image===
<gallery>
Image:Glioblastoma_with_extreme_nuclear_enlargement_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Extreme nuclear enlargement with huge macronucleoli. (WC)
</gallery>


==Red nucleolus==
==Red nucleolus==
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*[[Melanoma]].
*[[Melanoma]].
*[[Serous carcinoma]].
*[[Serous carcinoma]].
*[[Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma|Hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma syndrome associated renal cell carcinoma‎‎]].


==Large nucleolus==
==Large nucleolus==
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**[[Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour]].
**[[Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour]].
**Epithelioid [[angiosarcoma]].
**Epithelioid [[angiosarcoma]].
*[[Ganglion cell]]:
**Ganglion (benign).
**[[Gangliocytic paraganglioma]].
**[[Ganglioneuroma]].


==Medium-sized nucleolus==
==Medium-sized nucleolus==
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Examples:
Examples:
*Prostatic adenoacrinoma.
*[[Prostatic adenocarcinoma]].
*Oncocytoma.
*[[Oncocytoma]].
*Mammary carcinoma, no special type.
*[[Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast|Mammary carcinoma, no special type]].
*[[Embyronal carcinoma]].
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous metaplasia of the uterine cervix]].


==Small==
==Small==
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Examples:
Examples:
*[[Small cell carcinoma]].
*[[Small cell carcinoma]].
*[[Neuroendocrine carcinoma]].


==See also==
==See also==
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{{Reflist|1}}
{{Reflist|1}}


[[Category:Basics]]
[[Category:Histology]]

Latest revision as of 05:47, 21 October 2015

Micrograph showing a tumour (epithelioid sarcoma) with prominent nucleoli. H&E stain.

The nucleolus (plural nucleoli) is a thingy in the nucleus that may give the pathologist a clue to what they are looking at.

Generally speaking, large nucleoli suggest something is happening - they are associated with gene transcription. Large nucleoli are seen in malignancies and reactive conditions.

Macronucleolus

Almost the size of RBC ~ 6-7 micrometers.

Example:

Image

Red nucleolus

Large - can be seen with 10x objective.

Examples:

Large nucleolus

Large - can be seen with 10x objective.

Examples:

Medium-sized nucleolus

Medium - can be seen well with 20x objective.

Examples:

Small

Small - hard to see at 20x objective, seen with 40x objective.

Examples:

Indistinct nucleolus

Not present - cannot see with 40x objective.

Examples:

See also

References

  1. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 329. ISBN 978-1416054542.