Difference between revisions of "Sudden infant death syndrome"
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'''Sudden infant death syndrome''', abbreviated '''SIDS''', is an unexplained rapid (and unexpected) death of a person less than one year old, that is ''not'' explained after a full [[autopsy]] | '''Sudden infant death syndrome''', abbreviated '''SIDS''', is an unexplained rapid (and unexpected) death of a person older than one month and less than one year old, that is ''not'' explained after a full [[autopsy]], correlations with the death scene and the (clinical) history.<ref name=Ref_PCPBOD8_251>{{Ref PCPBoD8|251}}</ref><ref name=pmid22110293/> | ||
==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
It is not understood. One hypothesis for SIDS is: immaturity of the arcuate nucleus of medulla (which control respiratory frequency).<ref name=Ref_PCPBOD8_251>{{Ref PCPBoD8|251}}</ref> | It is not understood. One hypothesis for SIDS is: immaturity of the arcuate nucleus of medulla (which control respiratory frequency).<ref name=Ref_PCPBOD8_251>{{Ref PCPBoD8|251}}</ref> | ||
===Risk factors=== | |||
Parent: | |||
*Low socioeconomic status. | |||
*Maternal substance use.<ref name=pmid22110293>{{Cite journal | last1 = Athanasakis | first1 = E. | last2 = Karavasiliadou | first2 = S. | last3 = Styliadis | first3 = I. | title = The factors contributing to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. | journal = Hippokratia | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 127-31 | month = Apr | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 22110293 | PMC = 3209674}}</ref> | |||
*No prenatal care.<ref name=nih_sids>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002533/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002533/]. Accessed on: 1 May 2012.</ref> | |||
*Short time between pregnancies.<ref name=nih_sids/> | |||
*Teenage mother.<ref name=nih_sids/> | |||
Child:<ref name=pmid22110293/> | |||
*Male.<ref name=pmid22451703>{{Cite journal | last1 = Trachtenberg | first1 = FL. | last2 = Haas | first2 = EA. | last3 = Kinney | first3 = HC. | last4 = Stanley | first4 = C. | last5 = Krous | first5 = HF. | title = Risk Factor Changes for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome After Initiation of Back-to-Sleep Campaign. | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 129 | issue = 4 | pages = 630-8 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2011-1419 | PMID = 22451703 }}</ref> | |||
*Prematurity. | |||
*Low birth weight. | |||
*[[IUGR]]. | |||
*Prone sleep, i.e. put to sleep on the front. | |||
*Soft bed mattress. | |||
Note: | |||
*Breast feeding reduces the risk.<ref name=pmid22345043>{{Cite journal | last1 = Zotter | first1 = H. | last2 = Pichler | first2 = G. | title = Breast feeding is associated with decreased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. | journal = Evid Based Med | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Feb | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/ebmed-2011-100337 | PMID = 22345043 }}</ref> | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
*Diagnosis of exclusions with:<ref name=pmid22361390>{{Cite journal | last1 = Brion | first1 = M. | last2 = Allegue | first2 = C. | last3 = Santori | first3 = M. | last4 = Gil | first4 = R. | last5 = Blanco-Verea | first5 = A. | last6 = Haas | first6 = C. | last7 = Bartsch | first7 = C. | last8 = Poster | first8 = S. | last9 = Madea | first9 = B. | title = Sarcomeric gene mutations in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). | journal = Forensic Sci Int | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Feb | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.018 | PMID = 22361390 }}</ref> | |||
**[[Negative autopsy]]. | |||
***No significant pathology that could explain death. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Overlay (positional asphyxia). | |||
*[[Suffocation]].<ref name=pmid22324498>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gilbert | first1 = NL. | last2 = Fell | first2 = DB. | last3 = Joseph | first3 = KS. | last4 = Liu | first4 = S. | last5 = León | first5 = JA. | last6 = Sauve | first6 = R. | last7 = Kramer | first7 = M. | last8 = Shah | first8 = P. | last9 = Kirby | first9 = R. | title = Temporal trends in sudden infant death syndrome in Canada from 1991 to 2005: contribution of changes in cause of death assignment practices and in maternal and infant characteristics. | journal = Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 124-30 | month = Mar | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01248.x | PMID = 22324498 }} | |||
</ref> | |||
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]. | |||
*[[Channelopathy]].<ref name=pmid22361390/> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist| | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Forensic pathology]] | [[Category:Forensic pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatric pathology]] | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:03, 1 May 2012
Sudden infant death syndrome, abbreviated SIDS, is an unexplained rapid (and unexpected) death of a person older than one month and less than one year old, that is not explained after a full autopsy, correlations with the death scene and the (clinical) history.[1][2]
Pathogenesis
It is not understood. One hypothesis for SIDS is: immaturity of the arcuate nucleus of medulla (which control respiratory frequency).[1]
Risk factors
Parent:
- Low socioeconomic status.
- Maternal substance use.[2]
- No prenatal care.[3]
- Short time between pregnancies.[3]
- Teenage mother.[3]
Child:[2]
- Male.[4]
- Prematurity.
- Low birth weight.
- IUGR.
- Prone sleep, i.e. put to sleep on the front.
- Soft bed mattress.
Note:
- Breast feeding reduces the risk.[5]
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis of exclusions with:[6]
- Negative autopsy.
- No significant pathology that could explain death.
- Negative autopsy.
DDx:
- Overlay (positional asphyxia).
- Suffocation.[7]
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
- Channelopathy.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 251. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Athanasakis, E.; Karavasiliadou, S.; Styliadis, I. (Apr 2011). "The factors contributing to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.". Hippokratia 15 (2): 127-31. PMC 3209674. PMID 22110293. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209674/.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002533/. Accessed on: 1 May 2012.
- ↑ Trachtenberg, FL.; Haas, EA.; Kinney, HC.; Stanley, C.; Krous, HF. (Apr 2012). "Risk Factor Changes for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome After Initiation of Back-to-Sleep Campaign.". Pediatrics 129 (4): 630-8. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1419. PMID 22451703.
- ↑ Zotter, H.; Pichler, G. (Feb 2012). "Breast feeding is associated with decreased risk of sudden infant death syndrome.". Evid Based Med. doi:10.1136/ebmed-2011-100337. PMID 22345043.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Brion, M.; Allegue, C.; Santori, M.; Gil, R.; Blanco-Verea, A.; Haas, C.; Bartsch, C.; Poster, S. et al. (Feb 2012). "Sarcomeric gene mutations in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).". Forensic Sci Int. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.018. PMID 22361390.
- ↑ Gilbert, NL.; Fell, DB.; Joseph, KS.; Liu, S.; León, JA.; Sauve, R.; Kramer, M.; Shah, P. et al. (Mar 2012). "Temporal trends in sudden infant death syndrome in Canada from 1991 to 2005: contribution of changes in cause of death assignment practices and in maternal and infant characteristics.". Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 26 (2): 124-30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01248.x. PMID 22324498.