Intrauterine growth restriction
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Intrauterine growth restriction, abbreviated IUGR, is a common problem in obstetrics characterized by a small fetus. IUGR often shows up on requisitions for placentas.
Classification
Generally, it is subdivided into:[1]
- Symmetric IUGR.
- Head in proportion to body.
- Asymmetric IUGR.
- Head large in proportion to body - due to decreased abdominal growth.
Symmetric IUGR
Features:[1]
- Not associated with placental abnormalities - other than small mass.
- Early event, i.e. early in gestation.
Etiology:
- Chromosomal anomalies, others.
Asymmetric IUGR
Features:[1]
- Often associated with placental abnormalities.
Etiology:
- Usu. abnormal vascular development of the placenta resulting in ischemia.
Various papers on IUGR and placental pathology
Histopathology/frequency in IUGR
Finding/frequency:[1]
- Chorangiosis ~ 39%.
- Ischemia ~ 18%.
- Villitis of unknown etiology ~ 13%.
- Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy ~ 8%.
IUGR not otherwise specified
Features:[2]
- Low mass placenta.
- Perivillous fibrin deposition.
- Placental infarction.
- Increased syncytial knots.
- Distal villous hypoplasia.[3]
Idiopathic IUGR
Not associated with placental abnormalities.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Roberts, DJ.; Post, MD. (Dec 2008). "The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.". J Clin Pathol 61 (12): 1254-60. doi:10.1136/jcp.2008.055236. PMID 18641412.
- ↑ Mardi, K.; Sharma, J. (Oct 2003). "Histopathological evaluation of placentas in IUGR pregnancies.". Indian J Pathol Microbiol 46 (4): 551-4. PMID 15025340.
- ↑ URL: http://www.diagnostichistopathology.co.uk/article/S1756-2317(12)00039-4/abstract. Accessed on: 17 October 2013.
- ↑ Tomas, SZ.; Roje, D.; Prusac, IK.; Tadin, I.; Capkun, V. (Sep 2010). "Morphological characteristics of placentas associated with idiopathic intrauterine growth retardation: a clinicopathologic study.". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 152 (1): 39-43. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.006. PMID 20627398.