Difference between revisions of "Calcification"

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==Dystrophic calcification==
==Dystrophic calcification==
===General===
*Secondary to [[necrosis]] (coagulative, caseous, liquefactive).<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_20-21>{{Ref PCPBoD8|20-21}}</ref>
*Secondary to [[necrosis]] (coagulative, caseous, liquefactive).<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_20-21>{{Ref PCPBoD8|20-21}}</ref>


Line 12: Line 13:
*[[Atherosclerosis]].
*[[Atherosclerosis]].
*[[Calcific aortic stenosis]].<ref name=pmid12779138>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Novaro | first1 = GM. | last2 = Griffin | first2 = BP. | title = Calcific aortic stenosis: another face of atherosclerosis? | journal = Cleve Clin J Med | volume = 70 | issue = 5 | pages = 471-7 | month = May | year = 2003 | doi =  | PMID = 12779138 | URL = http://www.ccjm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12779138 }}</ref>
*[[Calcific aortic stenosis]].<ref name=pmid12779138>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Novaro | first1 = GM. | last2 = Griffin | first2 = BP. | title = Calcific aortic stenosis: another face of atherosclerosis? | journal = Cleve Clin J Med | volume = 70 | issue = 5 | pages = 471-7 | month = May | year = 2003 | doi =  | PMID = 12779138 | URL = http://www.ccjm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12779138 }}</ref>
*[[Calcinosis cutis]].
===Image===
<gallery>
Image:Amyloidosis,_dystrophic_calcification,_H%26E.jpg | Dystrophic calcification. (WC)
</gallery>
==Metastatic calcification==
===General===
Causes of elevated calcium - mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_21>{{Ref PCPBoD8|21}}</ref><ref>{{Ref TN2006 |Emerg.}}</ref>
*[[Granulomatous disease]], e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[sarcoidosis]].
*Renal failure.
*Immobility.
*Malignancy, e.g. metastases to bone, [[multiple myeloma]].
*Endocrine disorders - especially those that elevate PTH.
*Drugs.
==See also==
*[[Breast calcifications]].
*[[Psammoma bodies]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:16, 2 March 2016

Calcification is the formation of a calcium salt. It often happens in tissue.

Classification

It is typically classified as:[1]

  1. Dystrophic calcification.
  2. Metastatic calcification.

Dystrophic calcification

General

  • Secondary to necrosis (coagulative, caseous, liquefactive).[1]

Examples - calcification in:

Image

Metastatic calcification

General

Causes of elevated calcium - mnemonic GRIMED:[3][4]

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 20-21. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  2. Novaro, GM.; Griffin, BP. (May 2003). "Calcific aortic stenosis: another face of atherosclerosis?". Cleve Clin J Med 70 (5): 471-7. PMID 12779138.
  3. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 21. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  4. Shiau, Carolyn; Toren, Andrew (2006). Toronto Notes 2006: Comprehensive Medical Reference (Review for MCCQE 1 and USMLE Step 2) (22nd edition (2006) ed.). Toronto Notes for Medical Students, Inc.. pp. Emerg.. ISBN 978-0968592861.