49,006
edits
Difference between revisions of "Neuroendocrine neoplasms"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (view source)
Revision as of 19:55, 5 December 2023
, 19:55, 5 December 2023no edit summary
| (12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Neuroendocrine neoplasms''', also '''neuroendocrine tumours''', are a group of tumours whose behaviour varies from benign to malignant and are found in may different sites. | [[Image:Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour high mag.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Micrograph of a neuroendocrine tumour of the small bowel. [[H&E stain]].]] | ||
'''Neuroendocrine neoplasms''', also '''neuroendocrine tumours''', are a group of tumours whose behaviour varies from benign to malignant and are found in may different sites. ''Neuroendocrine tumour'' is commonly abbreviated '''NET'''. | |||
These tumours arise from epithelium; thus, malignant tumours in this group are referred to as '''neuroendocrine carcinomas'''. | These tumours arise from epithelium; thus, malignant tumours in this group are referred to as '''neuroendocrine carcinomas'''. | ||
| Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
*In GI NETs ''carcinoid syndrome'' usually only arises in the context of liver metastases. | *In GI NETs ''carcinoid syndrome'' usually only arises in the context of liver metastases. | ||
**GI NETs without liver mets do not develop the syndrome due to ''first pass effect'' of the liver. | **GI NETs without liver mets do not develop the syndrome due to ''first pass effect'' of the liver. | ||
**Exceptions to the rule -- carcinoid syndrome without liver mets: ovarian NETs, bronchial NETs.<ref name=pmid1574032>{{Cite journal | last1 = Haq | first1 = AU. | last2 = Yook | first2 = CR. | last3 = Hiremath | first3 = V. | last4 = Kasimis | first4 = BS. | title = Carcinoid syndrome in the absence of liver metastasis: a case report and review of literature. | journal = Med Pediatr Oncol | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 221-3 | month = | year = 1992 | doi = | PMID = 1574032 }}</ref> | **Exceptions to the rule -- carcinoid syndrome without liver mets: ovarian NETs, testicular NETs, bronchial NETs.<ref name=pmid1574032>{{Cite journal | last1 = Haq | first1 = AU. | last2 = Yook | first2 = CR. | last3 = Hiremath | first3 = V. | last4 = Kasimis | first4 = BS. | title = Carcinoid syndrome in the absence of liver metastasis: a case report and review of literature. | journal = Med Pediatr Oncol | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 221-3 | month = | year = 1992 | doi = | PMID = 1574032 }}</ref> | ||
===Clinical=== | ===Clinical=== | ||
| Line 35: | Line 36: | ||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
*[[Paraganglioma]]. | *[[Paraganglioma]]. | ||
*Neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation (<30% neuroendocrine component<ref name=pmid26556999>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kleist | first1 = B. | last2 = Poetsch | first2 = M. | title = Neuroendocrine differentiation: The mysterious fellow of colorectal cancer. | journal = World J Gastroenterol | volume = 21 | issue = 41 | pages = 11740-7 | month = Nov | year = 2015 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11740 | PMID = 26556999 }}</ref>). | |||
Images | ==Images== | ||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Small_intestine_neuroendocrine_tumour_low_mag.jpg | Neuroendocrine tumour - low mag. (WC/Nephron) | |||
Image:Small_intestine_neuroendocrine_tumour_intermed_mag.jpg | Neuroendocrine tumour - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron) | |||
Image:Small_intestine_neuroendocrine_tumour_high_mag.jpg | Neuroendocrine tumour - high mag. (WC/Nephron) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case7/images/micro3.jpg NET met to liver (upmc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case7.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case7.html}. Accessed on: 17 December 2011.</ref> | |||
=IHC - generic= | =IHC - generic= | ||
| Line 52: | Line 55: | ||
Others: | Others: | ||
*NSE +ve. | *NSE +ve. | ||
*CD56 +ve. | *[[CD56]] +ve. | ||
*Ki-67 - useful for grading. | *[[Ki-67]] - useful for grading. | ||
*PGP9.5.<ref name=pmid20182342/> | *PGP9.5.<ref name=pmid20182342/> | ||
*[[CDX2]] -ve/+ve. | |||
**+ve suggests ileum, appendix or colon origin.<ref name=pmid22180832>{{Cite journal | last1 = Saad | first1 = RS. | last2 = Ghorab | first2 = Z. | last3 = Khalifa | first3 = MA. | last4 = Xu | first4 = M. | title = CDX2 as a marker for intestinal differentiation: Its utility and limitations. | journal = World J Gastrointest Surg | volume = 3 | issue = 11 | pages = 159-66 | month = Nov | year = 2011 | doi = 10.4240/wjgs.v3.i11.159 | PMID = 22180832 }}</ref> | |||
*Serotonin -ve/+ve. | |||
**+ve suggests jejuno-ileal origin.{{fact}} | |||
Hormone products: | Hormone products: | ||
| Line 64: | Line 71: | ||
==Lung== | ==Lung== | ||
{{Main|Lung_tumours#Neuroendocrine_tumours}} | {{Main|Lung_tumours#Neuroendocrine_tumours}} | ||
==Genitourinary pathology== | |||
{{Main|Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland}} | |||
{{Main|Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder}} | |||
==Gastrointestinal tract== | ==Gastrointestinal tract== | ||
| Line 84: | Line 95: | ||
===Stomach=== | ===Stomach=== | ||
{{Main|Gastric neuroendocrine tumour}} | |||
{| | |||
===Duodenum=== | ===Duodenum=== | ||
| Line 149: | Line 109: | ||
*[[Basics]]. | *[[Basics]]. | ||
*[[Goblet cell carcinoid]]. | *[[Goblet cell carcinoid]]. | ||
*[[Mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasm]] (MiNEN). | |||
=References= | =References= | ||