Difference between revisions of "Pathology for medical students"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| (5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
This article is an introduction to '''pathology for | This article is an introduction to '''pathology for medical students'''. | ||
==Compentencies== | ==Compentencies== | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
**Knowing the difference between ''executer of the estate'' and ''power of attorney for health care decisions'' (not valid after death). | **Knowing the difference between ''executer of the estate'' and ''power of attorney for health care decisions'' (not valid after death). | ||
*Providing important clinical information. | *Providing important clinical information. | ||
**Clinical history - past medical history. | **[[Clinical history]] - past medical history. | ||
**Events leading-up to death. | **Events leading-up to death. | ||
**Provisional/suspected cause of death. | **Provisional/suspected cause of death. | ||
| Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
*[[Immunohistochemical stains]]. | *[[Immunohistochemical stains]]. | ||
**[[Cancers of unknown primary]]. | **[[Cancers of unknown primary]]. | ||
*Targeted therapies | *Targeted therapies/molecular testing: | ||
**Receptors in breast cancer. | **Receptors in breast cancer (ER, PR, HER2). | ||
**Lung cancer biomarkers ([[Lung_carcinoma_with_EGFR_mutation|EGFR]], [[Lung carcinoma with ALK rearrangement|ALK]], [[PD-L1]], [[ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung carcinoma|ROS1]]). | |||
**BRAF testing in [[malignant melanoma]]. | |||
**[[Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer|MSI testing]] in [[colorectal cancer]]. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:59, 8 June 2020
This article is an introduction to pathology for medical students.
Compentencies
Describing injuries
Pre-autopsy
- Filling in a death certificate.
- Difference between manner of death, cause of death and mechanism of death.
- World Health Organization standard for death certificates.
Autopsy
- Identifying medical examiner cases/coroner's cases.
- Getting an autopsy consent.
- Understanding the hierarchy and knowing it must be followed strictly.
- Knowing the difference between executer of the estate and power of attorney for health care decisions (not valid after death).
- Providing important clinical information.
- Clinical history - past medical history.
- Events leading-up to death.
- Provisional/suspected cause of death.
- Value of doing an autopsy.
- Interpretation of autopsy reports.
- Negative autopsy.
- Inherited diseases, e.g. MEN 2A, ARVC.
Surgical pathology
- Ordering biopsies and laboratory tests.
- Infectious cases - role of culture.
- Interpreting pathology reports.
- Importance of providing clinical information.
- Consultant for a specialist should have a reason for referral - pathology is not different.
Cancer diagnoses
Definitions:
- Cancer.
- Pathologic definitions of cancer.
- Tumour.
- Not necessarily cancer.
- Locally aggressive tumours, e.g. desmoid tumour.
- Benign tumours.
Pitfalls:
- The -oma endings -- some are malignant:
Implication of not otherwise specified:
Prognostic factors:
- Stage & grade.
- Lymphovascular invasion.
- Perineural invasion.
- Margin status.
- Tumour size - understanding the rationale for diagnostic size cutoffs.
Techniques
- Immunohistochemical stains.
- Targeted therapies/molecular testing:
- Receptors in breast cancer (ER, PR, HER2).
- Lung cancer biomarkers (EGFR, ALK, PD-L1, ROS1).
- BRAF testing in malignant melanoma.
- MSI testing in colorectal cancer.