Difference between revisions of "Small round cell tumours"
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| [[Nephroblastoma]] (Wilms tumour) | | [[Nephroblastoma]] (Wilms tumour) | ||
| '''triphasic''' - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | | '''triphasic''' - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | ||
| kidney lesion, various syndromes | | kidney lesion, various syndromes (e.g. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome<ref>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002168/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002168/]. Accessed on: 4 April 2011.</ref>) | ||
| WT-1+ | | WT-1+ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [[Medulloblastoma]] | | [[Medulloblastoma]] | ||
| '''Homer-Wright rosettes''' ([[rosette]] with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | '''Homer-Wright rosettes''' ([[rosette]] with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| +/-[[nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome]] | | +/-[[nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome]]; '''must''' arise in cerebellum | ||
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| [[Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]] | | [[Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]] | ||
| '''alveolar-like spaces''' (small blue cells line spaces supported by fibrous tissue), | | '''alveolar-like spaces''' (small blue cells line spaces supported by fibrous tissue), rhabdomyoblasts (eosinophilic cytoplasm, +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus, +/-elongated/cigar-shaped cells (uncommon)) | ||
| adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | | adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | ||
| "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]]<sup>§</sup> | | [[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]]<sup>§</sup> | ||
| '''nests with rounded border''', | | '''nests with rounded border''', rhabdomyoblasts (+/-elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus) | ||
| <10 years old; usu. localized | | <10 years old; usu. localized | ||
| "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
*<sup>§</sup> Uncommonly has the small round cell tumour morphology - included for comparison to ''[[alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]]''. | *<sup>§</sup> Uncommonly has the small round cell tumour morphology - included for comparison to ''[[alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]]''. | ||
==IHC panel== | |||
Gino's panel:<ref>GS. 22 March 2011.</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" | |||
! Lesion | |||
! NB84 | |||
! Myogenin | |||
! Desmin | |||
! CD99 | |||
! CD45 | |||
|- | |||
| Lymphoma | |||
| -ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| +ve/-ve | |||
| + | |||
|- | |||
| Ewing sarcoma | |||
| +ve/-ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| +ve (membranous) | |||
| - | |||
|- | |||
| Neuroblastoma | |||
| +ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| +ve/-ve | |||
| -ve | |||
|- | |||
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | |||
| -ve | |||
| +ve | |||
| +ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| -ve | |||
|} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 03:21, 5 April 2011
Small round cell tumours (SRCT), also small round blue cell tumours (SRBCT), are a group of tumours that have a similar histologic appearance.
It is a group of tumours that is seen more often in childhood than adulthood.
- Neuroblastoma.
- Wilms tumour (AKA nephroblastoma).
- Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Ewing sarcoma / primative neuroectodermal tumour (PNET).
- Lymphoma - non-Hogkin's lymphoma, usu. large cell lymphomas (e.g. diffuse large B cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma), Burkitt's lymphoma.
- Retinoblastoma.
- Hepatoblastoma.
- Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT).
Memory device: 4 -blastoma (hepato-, neuro-, nephro-, retino-), PNET/Ewing sarcoma (medulloblastoma), DSRCT, lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Microscopic
Features:
- Small cells ~ 2X RBC diameter - key feature.
- Scant cytoplasm/high NC ratio.
- Sheets of cells, very cellular.
- Coarse chromatin.
- +/-Nucleolus; usu. not prominent.
- +/-Vascularity.
Tabular comparison
Adapted from Thorner:[3]
| Tumour | Key histologic features | History | Key IHC / special stains |
| Hepatoblastoma | fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, eosinophilic cytoplasm) | liver lesion, usu. < 3 years old | AFP |
| Neuroblastoma | nests, thin fibrovascular septae, lymphocytes, ganglion-like cells (prominent nucleolus), neuropil (eosinophilic, fluffy, finely vacuolated) | adrenal gland, sympathetic chain; usu. < 3 years old | NB-84+, NSE+, S100- |
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) | triphasic - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | kidney lesion, various syndromes (e.g. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome[4]) | WT-1+ |
| Retinoblastoma | Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette (rosette with empty centre (donut hole))[5] | eye lesion; +/-RB1 gene mutations (familial) | |
| Medulloblastoma | Homer-Wright rosettes (rosette with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)[5] | +/-nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome; must arise in cerebellum | |
| Ewing sarcoma/PNET | clear cytoplasm (glycogen) | bone lesion, adolescents | PAS+/PASD-, CD99 diffuse membranous |
| Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma | alveolar-like spaces (small blue cells line spaces supported by fibrous tissue), rhabdomyoblasts (eosinophilic cytoplasm, +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus, +/-elongated/cigar-shaped cells (uncommon)) | adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma§ | nests with rounded border, rhabdomyoblasts (+/-elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus) | <10 years old; usu. localized | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) | nests with "jigsaw" border | peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | keratin+, EMA+, desmin+ !!! |
| Small cell carcinoma | nuclear moulding, stippled chromatin | adults, smokers | synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins |
| Lymphoma, non-Hogkin's, usu. large cell (e.g. DLBCL) | dyscohesive cells, usu. ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, usu. nucleolus | lymphadenopathy (???) | CD45 |
Notes:
- § Uncommonly has the small round cell tumour morphology - included for comparison to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
IHC panel
Gino's panel:[6]
| Lesion | NB84 | Myogenin | Desmin | CD99 | CD45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphoma | -ve | -ve | -ve | +ve/-ve | + |
| Ewing sarcoma | +ve/-ve | -ve | -ve | +ve (membranous) | - |
| Neuroblastoma | +ve | -ve | -ve | +ve/-ve | -ve |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | -ve | +ve | +ve | -ve | -ve |
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm. Accessed on: 2 July 2010.
- ↑ Chen QR, Vansant G, Oades K, et al. (February 2007). "Diagnosis of the small round blue cell tumors using multiplex polymerase chain reaction". J Mol Diagn 9 (1): 80–8. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060111. PMC 1867426. PMID 17251339. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867426/.
- ↑ PST. 14 February 2011.
- ↑ URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002168/. Accessed on: 4 April 2011.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wippold FJ, Perry A (March 2006). "Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 (3): 488–92. PMID 16551982.
- ↑ GS. 22 March 2011.