Difference between revisions of "Small round cell tumours"
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| '''Key [[IHC]] / <br>special stains''' | | '''Key [[IHC]] / <br>special stains''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hepatoblastoma | | [[Hepatoblastoma]] | ||
| fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, eosinophilic cytoplasm) | | fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, eosinophilic cytoplasm) | ||
| liver | | liver lesion, usu. < 3 years old | ||
| AFP | | AFP | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Neuroblastoma | | [[Neuroblastoma]] | ||
| nests, thin fibrovascular septae, lymphocytes, ganglion-like cells (prominent nucleolus), neurophil (eosinophilic, fluffy, finely vacuolated) | | nests, thin fibrovascular septae, lymphocytes, ganglion-like cells (prominent nucleolus), neurophil (eosinophilic, fluffy, finely vacuolated) | ||
| adrenal gland, sympathetic chain; usu. < 3 years old | | adrenal gland, sympathetic chain; usu. < 3 years old | ||
| NB-84+, NSE+, S100- | | NB-84+, NSE+, S100- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) | | [[Nephroblastoma]] (Wilms tumour) | ||
| triphasic - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | | triphasic - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | ||
| kidney lesion, various syndromes | | kidney lesion, various syndromes | ||
| WT-1+ | | WT-1+ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Retinoblastoma | | [[Retinoblastoma]] | ||
| Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette (rosette with empty centre (donut hole))<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette (rosette with empty centre (donut hole))<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| eye lesion; +/-RB1 gene mutations (familial) | | eye lesion; +/-RB1 gene mutations (familial) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Medulloblastoma | | [[Medulloblastoma]] | ||
| Homer-Wright rosettes (rosette with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | Homer-Wright rosettes (rosette with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| +/-nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome | | +/-nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome | ||
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| "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) | | [[Desmoplastic small round cell tumour]] (DSRCT) | ||
| nests with "jigsaw" border | | nests with "jigsaw" border | ||
| peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | | peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
| synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins | | synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Lymphoma (large cell) | | [[Lymphoma]] (large cell) | ||
| dyscohesive cells, ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, nucleolus | | dyscohesive cells, ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, nucleolus | ||
| lymphadenopathy (???) | | lymphadenopathy (???) | ||
Revision as of 16:38, 28 February 2011
Small round cell tumours (SRCT), also small round blue cell tumours (SRBCT), are a group of tumours that have a similar histologic appearance.
It is a group of tumours that is seen more often in childhood than adulthood.
DDx:[1]
- Neuroblastoma.
- Wilms tumour (AKA nephroblastoma).
- Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Ewing sarcoma/PNET - this entity is dealt with in the bone tumours article.
- Lymphoma - large cell lymphomas, e.g. diffuse large B cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
- Retinoblastoma.
- Hepatoblastoma.
- Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT).
Memory device: 4 -blastoma (hepato-, neuro-, nephro-, retino-), PNET/Ewing sarcoma (medulloblastoma), DSRCT, lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Microscopic
Features:
- Sheets of cells, very cellular.
- Small cells ~ 2X RBC diameter.
- Scant cytoplasm.
- Coarse chromatin.
- +/-Nucleolus. (???)
- +/-Vascular.
Tabular comparison
Adapted from Thorner:[2]
| Tumour | Key histologic features | History | Key IHC / special stains |
| Hepatoblastoma | fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, eosinophilic cytoplasm) | liver lesion, usu. < 3 years old | AFP |
| Neuroblastoma | nests, thin fibrovascular septae, lymphocytes, ganglion-like cells (prominent nucleolus), neurophil (eosinophilic, fluffy, finely vacuolated) | adrenal gland, sympathetic chain; usu. < 3 years old | NB-84+, NSE+, S100- |
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) | triphasic - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | kidney lesion, various syndromes | WT-1+ |
| Retinoblastoma | Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette (rosette with empty centre (donut hole))[3] | eye lesion; +/-RB1 gene mutations (familial) | |
| Medulloblastoma | Homer-Wright rosettes (rosette with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)[3] | +/-nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome | |
| Ewing sarcoma/PNET | clear cytoplasm (glycogen) | bone lesion, adolescents | PAS+/PASD-, CD99 diffuse membranous |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar | rhabdomyocytes (eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus) | adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal | rhabdomyocytes (elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus), nests with rounded border | <10 years old; usu. localized | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) | nests with "jigsaw" border | peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | keratin+, EMA+, desmin+ !!! |
| Small cell carcinoma | stippled chromatin, nuclear moulding | adults, smokers | synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins |
| Lymphoma (large cell) | dyscohesive cells, ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, nucleolus | lymphadenopathy (???) | CD45 |
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm. Accessed on: 2 July 2010.
- ↑ PST. 14 February 2011.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wippold FJ, Perry A (March 2006). "Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 (3): 488–92. PMID 16551982.