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| | [[Image:Wilms tumor.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Gross pathology|Gross]] image of a [[Wilms tumour]], a tumour common in pediatric pathology. (WC/AFIP)]] |
| The article deals with '''paediatric pathology''', which is quite different than adult pathology. Many diseases that afflict children are uncommon or unheard of in adults. | | The article deals with '''paediatric pathology''', which is quite different than adult pathology. Many diseases that afflict children are uncommon or unheard of in adults. |
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| Among others, things discussed include: | | Among others, things discussed include: |
| *Cystic fibrosis. | | *[[Cystic fibrosis]]. |
| *Aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease). | | *[[Aganglionosis]] (Hirschsprung disease). |
| *Meconium peritonitis. | | *[[Meconium peritonitis]]. |
| *[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]. | | *[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]. |
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| White matter lesions:<ref name=pmid20626887/> | | White matter lesions:<ref name=pmid20626887/> |
| *Periventricular leukomalacia. | | *[[Periventricular leukomalacia]]. |
| *Subcortical leukomalacia. | | *Subcortical leukomalacia. |
| *Telencephalic (cerebral) leukomalacia. | | *Telencephalic (cerebral) leukomalacia. |
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| *Grade 3 = distortion of ventricle. | | *Grade 3 = distortion of ventricle. |
| *Grade 4 = disruption of white matter. | | *Grade 4 = disruption of white matter. |
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| | ===Periventricular leukomalacia=== |
| | Features:<ref name=pmid12416551>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rezaie | first1 = P. | last2 = Dean | first2 = A. | title = Periventricular leukomalacia, inflammation and white matter lesions within the developing nervous system. | journal = Neuropathology | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 106-32 | month = Sep | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12416551 }}</ref> |
| | *Multifocal [[necrosis]] of the cortical white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles. |
| | *Usually symmetric. |
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| =Pediatric tumours= | | =Pediatric tumours= |
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| {{Main|Dermatopathology}} | | {{Main|Dermatopathology}} |
| ==Juvenile xanthogranuloma== | | ==Juvenile xanthogranuloma== |
| *Abbreviated as ''JXG''.
| | {{Main|Juvenile xanthogranuloma}} |
| *[[AKA]] nevoxanthoendothelioma.
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| *In adults: ''adult xanthogranuloma''.<ref name=Ref_Derm622>{{Ref Derm|622}}</ref>
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| ===General===
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| *Usually in children and infants, may be in adults.<ref name=Ref_Derm622>{{Ref Derm|622}}</ref>
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| *Most common form of non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis.<ref name=emed_jxg>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1111629-diagnosis http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1111629-diagnosis]. Accessed on: 3 February 2011.</ref>
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| *Can rarely be found in the brain.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case245/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case245/dx.html]. Accessed on: 13 January 2012.</ref>
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| ===Microscopic===
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| Features:<ref name=emed_jxg>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1111629-diagnosis http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1111629-diagnosis]. Accessed on: 3 February 2011.</ref>
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| *Dermal histiocytes:
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| **Abundant cytoplasm - may not be xanthomatous/foam cells.
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| *+/-Touton [[giant cell]] - '''key feature'''.
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| **Large multi-nucleated cells where nuclei are distributed at the cell periphery.
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| DDx:
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| *[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]].
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| Notes:
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| *Must prove they are non-Langerhans cell histiocytes, esp. if no Touton giant cells.
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| Images:
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| *[http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/dermatology/DPT/Hist%5CJXG003.jpg JXG (uiowa.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/dermatology/DPT/Path-Index.htm http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/dermatology/DPT/Path-Index.htm]. Accessed on: 3 February 2011.</ref>
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| *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Juvenile_xanthogranuloma_-_intermed_mag.jpg Juvenile xanthogranuloma - intermed. mag. (WC)].
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| *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juvenile_xanthogranuloma_-_very_high_mag.jpg Touton giant cells in a juvenile xanthogranuloma - very high mag. (WC)].
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| ===IHC===
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| Features:<ref name=emed_jxg/>
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| *Langerhans cell markers: CD1a, CD207 -- both should be negative.
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| **If Touton giant cells are absent -- this is essential.
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| *Histiocyte markers: CD68, CD163 -- both should be positive.
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| *Vimentin +ve.
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| Negatives:<ref name=pmid9790615>{{cite journal |author=Thomas DB, Sidler AK, Huston BM |title=Radiological case of the month. Juvenile xanthogranuloma |journal=Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med |volume=152 |issue=10 |pages=1029–30 |year=1998 |month=October |pmid=9790615 |doi= |url=http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/152/10/1029}}</ref>
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| *Muscle markers: actin, desmin.
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| *Others: S100, factor VIII, cytokeratins.
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| =Soft tissue lesions= | | =Soft tissue lesions= |