Difference between revisions of "Urinary bladder"
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Revision as of 01:05, 6 December 2013
The urinary bladder stores urine until one has to go wee-wee.
It is commonly afflicted by cancer.
A well-know mimicker of cancer is malakoplakia.[1]
Normal
Microscopic
- Muscularis mucosae - thin, discontinuous.
- Fat - many be in lamina propria.
Note:
- On TURBT - don't ever call T3.
Urinary bladder cancer
The most common type of cancer to affect the bladder is urothelial carcinoma. This is covered in the urothelium article.
Risk factors for bladder cancer SEX LIC:
- Schistomsoma haematobium - esp. squamous cell carcinoma.[2]
- EXtrophy of the bladder.
- Lithiasis.
- Indwelling catheter or chronic Inflammation.[2]
- Cyclophosphamide.
DDx:
- Urothelial carcinoma - most common in the Western world.
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder - most common in areas with Schistosoma.
- Adenocarcinoma - see urachal carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Main article: Squamous cell carcinoma
General
- Strong association with Schistosoma haematobium.[2]
- Common in areas with S. haematobium.
- Uncommon in areas without S. haematobium.
Microscopic
Features:
- See squamous cell carcinoma article.
Urachal carcinoma
Main article: Urachal carcinoma
Urinary bladder infarct
Main article: Infarction
General
- Case report rare - as the organ has many colaterals.[3]
- May be seen in association with pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia.[4]
Microscopic
Features:[3]
- Necrosis without liquefaction.
- Outlines of cells visible.
- No nuclei present.
Note:
- Liquefaction implies an infectious etiology.[3]
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Main article: Rhabdomyosarcoma
See also
References
- ↑ Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Woodward PJ, Manning MA, Davis CJ (2006). "From the archives of the AFIP: Inflammatory and nonneoplastic bladder masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation". Radiographics 26 (6): 1847–68. doi:10.1148/rg.266065126. PMID 17102055.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Michaud, DS.. "Chronic inflammation and bladder cancer.". Urol Oncol 25 (3): 260-8. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.10.002. PMID 17483025.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Nino-Murcia, M.; Friedland, GW. (1988). "Bladder infarct.". Urol Radiol 9 (4): 234-6. PMID 3394185.
- ↑ Kryvenko, ON.; Epstein, JI. (Jun 2013). "Pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia of the bladder: clinical findings and followup of 70 patients.". J Urol 189 (6): 2083-6. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.005. PMID 23228381.