Testicular cancer staging
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This article deals with testicular cancer staging. A general discussion about staging is found in cancer staging.
General
- TNM staging is the most widely used.
TNM system - AJCC 7th Edition
Based on AJCC 7th Edition:[1][2]
- pT1 - confined to the testis or epididymis, no lymphovascular invasion.
- pT2 - into tunica vaginalis or lymphovascular invasion.
- pT3 - into spermatic cord.
- pT4 - into the scrotum.
Notes:
- Invasion into the epididymis and/or tunica albuginea does not change the stage.[2]
- Rete testis involvement and testicular hilum involvement may be seen or suspected at the time of cut-up. Both of these are poor prognosticators;[3] however, they to do not affect the (AJCC 7th Edition) stage.
- Involvement of the testicular hilum is not specifically addressed in the AJCC 7th Edition. Based on the current evidence, it is probably best classified as pT1 (if there is no LVI and the tumour is otherwise confined to the testis/epididymis).
Images
LVI - low mag.
LVI - intermed. mag.
Does not affect stage
Seminoma into hilar fat - very low mag.
Seminoma into hilar fat - low mag.
See also
References
- ↑ URL: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Testis/Staging. Accessed on: 15 December 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 URL: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/testicularcancer/detailedguide/testicular-cancer-staging. Accessed on: 15 December 2014.
- ↑ Yilmaz, A.; Cheng, T.; Zhang, J.; Trpkov, K. (Apr 2013). "Testicular hilum and vascular invasion predict advanced clinical stage in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.". Mod Pathol 26 (4): 579-86. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.189. PMID 23238629.