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Difference between revisions of "Cytogenetics"
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This article deals with '''cytogenetics'''. | This article deals with '''cytogenetics'''. | ||
=General= | |||
*Large changes (chromosomal). | *Large changes (chromosomal). | ||
**Maximum resolution 3-4 megabase pairs (3-4 million base pairs); may be less - dependent on band density.<ref>{{Ref WMSP|695}}</ref> | **Maximum resolution 3-4 megabase pairs (3-4 million base pairs); may be less - dependent on band density.<ref>{{Ref WMSP|695}}</ref> | ||
*Morphologic data. | *Morphologic data. | ||
=Techniques (overview)= | |||
*ISH = in situ hybridization. | *ISH = in situ hybridization. | ||
**FISH = fluorescent in situ hybridization. | **FISH = fluorescent in situ hybridization. | ||
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*Karyotyping. | *Karyotyping. | ||
==Karyotyping== | |||
What? | What? | ||
*Metaphase nuclei. | *Metaphase nuclei. | ||
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*Quinacrine dye - AT-rich regions brighter than GC-rich regions. | *Quinacrine dye - AT-rich regions brighter than GC-rich regions. | ||
==ISH== | |||
*Usu. interphase nuclei. | *Usu. interphase nuclei. | ||
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*Cultured cells. | *Cultured cells. | ||
===Probe types=== | |||
Types: | Types: | ||
*Fusion (two colours). | *Fusion (two colours). | ||
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*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bcrablmet.jpg Bcr-Abl translocation (WC)]. | *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bcrablmet.jpg Bcr-Abl translocation (WC)]. | ||
==See also | ===Tests=== | ||
====ERBB2==== | |||
*[[AKA]] HER2,<ref>{{OMIM|164870}}</ref> AKA HER2/neu. | |||
*Important in [[invasive breast cancer]]. | |||
Protocol: | |||
*ISH label for HER2. | |||
*ISH label for CEP17 (D17Z1 -- labels centromere of chromosome 17).<ref>URL: [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/546925_3 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/546925_3]. Accessed on: 10 May 2011.</ref> | |||
*In 60 nuclei: | |||
**Count number of HER2 signals. | |||
**Count number of CEP17 signals. | |||
*Calculate ratio HER2/D17Z1 signals: | |||
**>2.2 --> HER2 amplification. | |||
=See also= | |||
*[[Molecular pathology]]. | *[[Molecular pathology]]. | ||
*[[Chromosomal translocations]]. | *[[Chromosomal translocations]]. | ||
=References= | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
=External links= | |||
*[http://homepage.mac.com/wildlifeweb/cyto/human/ Cytogenetics (homepage.mac.com)] - has ideograms (banding maps) of the human chromosomes. | *[http://homepage.mac.com/wildlifeweb/cyto/human/ Cytogenetics (homepage.mac.com)] - has ideograms (banding maps) of the human chromosomes. | ||
[[Category:Molecular pathology]] | [[Category:Molecular pathology]] | ||