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Difference between revisions of "Leukemia"
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*Lymphoma = discrete mass(es), usu. [[lymph node]]. | *Lymphoma = discrete mass(es), usu. [[lymph node]]. | ||
**Classic presentation: non-tender lymph nodes | **Classic presentation: non-tender lymph nodes | ||
Leukemias may present as discrete massess, e.g. in the skin ([[leukemia cutis]]) or at other sites, where it is known by various names ([[myeloid sarcoma]], chloroma, etc.). | |||
Most leukemias are typically classified into acute or chronic. As a general rule, the designation of '''acute''' signifies a more immature and aggressive phenotype, whilst '''[[chronic]]''' leukemias generally show a more differentiated phenotype and run a more indolent course. There are exceptions, of course, and some chronic leukemias may transform into acute lymphomas. | Most leukemias are typically classified into acute or chronic. As a general rule, the designation of '''acute''' signifies a more immature and aggressive phenotype, whilst '''[[chronic]]''' leukemias generally show a more differentiated phenotype and run a more indolent course. There are exceptions, of course, and some chronic leukemias may transform into acute lymphomas. | ||
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=Leukemia classification= | =Leukemia classification= | ||
*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]] (AML): | *[[Acute myeloid leukemia]] (AML). In this context, myeloid is used broadly to refer to non-lymphoid precursors rather than the more limited meaning granulopoietic: | ||
*#AML. | *#AML. | ||
*#AML with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, e.g. | *#AML with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, e.g. t(8;21), inv(16) and t(15;17). | ||
*#AML arising from [[MDS]]. | *#AML arising from [[MDS]]. | ||
*#AML in the setting of [[Down syndrome]]. | *#AML in the setting of [[Down syndrome]]. | ||
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*#T cell (sometimes abbreviated to T-ALL) | *#T cell (sometimes abbreviated to T-ALL) | ||
*T-ALL should not to be confused with [[adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]] (ATLL) | *T-ALL should not to be confused with [[adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]] (ATLL) - this is associated with HTLV-1 infection | ||
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL) - usually classified with lymphomas | *[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL) - usually classified with lymphomas | ||
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A few fall under the umbrella of '''[[myeloproliferative neoplasm]]s''': | A few fall under the umbrella of '''[[myeloproliferative neoplasm]]s''': | ||
*[[Chronic myeloid leukemia]] (CML) | *[[Chronic myeloid leukemia]] (CML) | ||
*[[Chronic neutrophilic leukemia]] | *[[Chronic neutrophilic leukemia]] (rare) | ||
*[[Chronic eosinophilic leukemia]] | *[[Chronic eosinophilic leukemia]] (rare) | ||
And others under the myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic overlap syndromes: | And others under the myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic overlap syndromes: | ||
*[[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]] | *[[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]] | ||
Other | Other less common leukemias: | ||
*Hairy cell leukemia | |||
*T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia | |||
*T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia (T-LGL) | |||
*Plasma cell leukaemia | *Plasma cell leukaemia | ||
*Mast cell leukemia | *Mast cell leukemia | ||
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*Chemotherapy? | *Chemotherapy? | ||
*[[Down syndrome]]? | *[[Down syndrome]]? | ||
=Prognosis= | =Prognosis= | ||
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#lymphoid leukaemia: 52.4% (Colombia) to 91.6% (Germany) | #lymphoid leukaemia: 52.4% (Colombia) to 91.6% (Germany) | ||
#acute myleoid leukemia: 33.3% (Bulgaria) to 78.2% (Germany) | #acute myleoid leukemia: 33.3% (Bulgaria) to 78.2% (Germany) | ||
=See also= | =See also= | ||