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Difference between revisions of "Prostate cancer staging"
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→Seminal vesicle invasion
(→Tumour) |
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Image: Prostate carcinoma with extraprostatic extension -- high mag.jpg | EPE - high mag. | Image: Prostate carcinoma with extraprostatic extension -- high mag.jpg | EPE - high mag. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
====Bladder neck invasion==== | |||
*Defined as tumour within the thick muscle bundles of the bladder neck or at the bladder neck margin.{{fact}} | |||
*Bladder neck invasion is '''pT3a'''.<ref name=pmid23225909>{{Cite journal | last1 = Chung | first1 = MS. | last2 = Lee | first2 = SH. | last3 = Lee | first3 = DH. | last4 = Chung | first4 = BH. | title = Evaluation of the 7th American Joint Committee on cancer TNM staging system for prostate cancer in point of classification of bladder neck invasion. | journal = Jpn J Clin Oncol | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 184-8 | month = Feb | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1093/jjco/hys196 | PMID = 23225909 }}</ref> | |||
*Seen in approximately 1% of prostatectomies.<ref name=pmid19914651>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pierorazio | first1 = PM. | last2 = Epstein | first2 = JI. | last3 = Humphreys | first3 = E. | last4 = Han | first4 = M. | last5 = Walsh | first5 = PC. | last6 = Partin | first6 = AW. | title = The significance of a positive bladder neck margin after radical prostatectomy: the American Joint Committee on Cancer Pathological Stage T4 designation is not warranted. | journal = J Urol | volume = 183 | issue = 1 | pages = 151-7 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.138 | PMID = 19914651 }}</ref> | |||
====Seminal vesicle invasion==== | ====Seminal vesicle invasion==== | ||