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Difference between revisions of "Course:Introduction to Neuropathology" - Libre Pathology

Difference between revisions of "Course:Introduction to Neuropathology"

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[[Glioblastoma]] is a pleomorphic astroglial tumor with endothelial proliferations and necrosis. As expected by a malignant tumor, the number of proliferating cells (MIB-1) is high. The tumour cells often stain for GFAP. There is no ATRX loss and the IDH1 R132H mutation is absent (negative staining).
[[Glioblastoma]] is a pleomorphic astroglial tumor with endothelial proliferations and necrosis. As expected by a malignant tumor, the number of proliferating cells (MIB-1) is high. The tumour cells often stain for [[GFAP]]. There is no [[ATRX]] loss and the [[IDH1]] R132H mutation is absent (negative staining).


{{hidden|Other language: German| Glioblastome sind pleomorphe astrogliale Tumore mit Gefäßproliferaten und Nekrosen. Entsprechend einem malignen Tumor ist die Anzahl der proliferierenden Zellen (MIB-1) hoch. Die Tumorzellen markieren sich für GFAP. Es besteht kein Verlust von ATRX und die IDH1 R132H Mutationsfärbung ist negativ.
{{hidden|Other language: German| Glioblastome sind pleomorphe astrogliale Tumore mit Gefäßproliferaten und Nekrosen. Entsprechend einem malignen Tumor ist die Anzahl der proliferierenden Zellen (MIB-1) hoch. Die Tumorzellen markieren sich für GFAP. Es besteht kein Verlust von ATRX und die IDH1 R132H Mutationsfärbung ist negativ.
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[[Oligodendroglioma]] is a diffuse geowing glial tumour with clear cell morphology. In WHO grade II the MIB-1 proliferation index is rather low. GFAP stains the neuropil background and minigemistocytes (if present). There is no ATRX loss. The vast majority of oligodendrogliomas stain positively for IDH1 R132H mutation.There is no expression of epithelial markers (panCK).
[[Oligodendroglioma]] is a diffuse geowing glial tumour with clear cell morphology. In WHO grade II the MIB-1 proliferation index is rather low. GFAP stains the neuropil background and minigemistocytes (if present). There is no [[ATRX]] loss. The vast majority of oligodendrogliomas stain positively for [[IDH1]] R132H mutation.There is no expression of epithelial markers (panCK).


{{hidden|Other language: German|Oligodendrogliome sind diffus wachsende gliale Tumore mit klarzelligem Aspekt in der Morphologie. In WHO Grad II Tumoren ist der MIB-1 Proliferationsindex gering. GFAP färbt vor allem das Neuropil im Hintergrund sowie Minigemistozyten, wenn diese im Tumor vorkommen. Es findet sich kein ATRX Verlust. Der Großteil der Oligodendrogliome ist positiv für die IDH1 R132H Mutation. Epitheliale Marker wie panCK werden nicht exprimiert}}
{{hidden|Other language: German|Oligodendrogliome sind diffus wachsende gliale Tumore mit klarzelligem Aspekt in der Morphologie. In WHO Grad II Tumoren ist der MIB-1 Proliferationsindex gering. GFAP färbt vor allem das Neuropil im Hintergrund sowie Minigemistozyten, wenn diese im Tumor vorkommen. Es findet sich kein ATRX Verlust. Der Großteil der Oligodendrogliome ist positiv für die IDH1 R132H Mutation. Epitheliale Marker wie panCK werden nicht exprimiert.}}


*Astrocytoma
*Astrocytoma
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[Astrocytoma]] is a diffusely growing tumor with low cell density, neoplastic astrocytes resting in a fibrillary backrgound and low MIB1 index. GFAP is strong and also stains the cell processes. IND1 R132H postive astrocytomas usually exhibit nuclear ATRX loss. There is no expression of epithelial markers (panCK).
[[Astrocytoma]] is a diffusely growing tumor with low cell density, neoplastic astrocytes resting in a fibrillary backrgound and low MIB1 index. [[GFAP]] is strong and also stains the cell processes. [[IDH1]] R132H postive astrocytomas usually exhibit nuclear [[ATRX]] loss. There is no expression of epithelial markers (panCK).


{{hidden|Other language: German|Astrozytome sind diffus wachsende gliale Tumore mit sternförmigen Astrozyten auf einem fibrillärem Untergrund. In WHO Grad II Tumoren ist der MIB-1 Proliferationsindex gering. GFAP färbt die Tumorzellen und den Hintergrund stark an Es findet sich in IDH1 R132H mutierten Tumoren häufig ein ATRX Verlust. Epitheliale Marker wie panCK werden nicht exprimiert}}
{{hidden|Other language: German|Astrozytome sind diffus wachsende gliale Tumore mit sternförmigen Astrozyten auf einem fibrillärem Untergrund. In WHO Grad II Tumoren ist der MIB-1 Proliferationsindex gering. GFAP färbt die Tumorzellen und den Hintergrund stark an Es findet sich in IDH1 R132H mutierten Tumoren häufig ein ATRX Verlust. Epitheliale Marker wie panCK werden nicht exprimiert.}}
 
*Carcinoma metastasis
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File:Neuropathology_case_XIII_01.jpg | HE
File:Neuropathology_case_XIII_03.jpg | [[GFAP]]
File:Neuropathology_case_XII_05.jpg | MIB-1
File:Neuropathology_case_XIII_04.jpg | [[ATRX]]
File:Neuropathology_case_XIII_06.jpg | [[IDH1]]
File:Neuropathology_case_XIII_02.jpg | panCK
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[[Brain_metastasis|Brain metastases]] are usually circumscribed lesions that infiltrate the brain parenchyma. Most metastases are carcinomas as in this case of a renal clear cell carcinoma. At the first glance, it's morphology is similiar to [[oligodendroglioma]], but absence of [[GFAP]] and postive cytokeratin staining confirms epithelial origin. As expected from a malignant tumor, MIB-1 proliferation is elevated. There is no [[ATRX]] loss and no [[IDH1]] mutation present.
 
{{hidden|Other language: German|Hirnmetastasen sind in der Regel umschriebene Läsionen, die das Hirnparenchym infiltrieren. Die meisten Metastasen sind Karzinome, wie in diesem Fall eines klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinom. Auf den ersten Blick ist die Morphologie zum Oligodendrogliom sehr ähnlich, aber das Fehlen von GFAP und die Immunreaktivität für pan-Zytokeratin bestätigen die epitheliale Herkunft. Wie bei malignen Tumoren zu erwarten, ist die MIB-1 Proliferationsrate erhöht. Es existiert kein ATRX-Verlust und keine IDH1-Mutation.}}


A descriptive overview of various brain tumours is found [[Neuropathology tumours|here]].
A descriptive overview of various brain tumours is found [[Neuropathology tumours|here]].
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