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Difference between revisions of "Adrenal gland"
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***Marked eosinophilia of cytoplasm - '''key feature'''. | ***Marked eosinophilia of cytoplasm - '''key feature'''. | ||
***Granular/reticular cytoplasm. | ***Granular/reticular cytoplasm. | ||
*Medulla - produces epinephrine | *Medulla - produces ''NED'': norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine. | ||
==Benign== | ==Benign== | ||
*Spironolactone bodies<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kovacs K, Horvath E, Singer W |title=Fine structure and morphogenesis of spironolactone bodies in the zona glomerulosa of the human adrenal cortex |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=949-57 |year=1973 |month=December |pmid=4131694 |pmc=477936 |doi= |url=http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=4131694}}</ref> | *Spironolactone bodies.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kovacs K, Horvath E, Singer W |title=Fine structure and morphogenesis of spironolactone bodies in the zona glomerulosa of the human adrenal cortex |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=949-57 |year=1973 |month=December |pmid=4131694 |pmc=477936 |doi= |url=http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=4131694}}</ref> | ||
** | **Location: zona glomerulosa (where aldosterone is produced). | ||
** | **Appearance: eosinophilic spherical laminated whorls. | ||
** | **Etiology: long-term use of spironolactone. | ||
==Adenomas== | ==Adenomas== | ||
Radiology<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/376240-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/376240-overview].</ref> | Radiology<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/376240-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/376240-overview].</ref> | ||
* | *Radiologists are good at identifying adenomas, as they are usually lipid rich and have a characteristic low HU signal. | ||
Treatment is excision if...<ref name=pmid10870039>PMID 10870039.</ref><ref name=pmid19035218>PMID 19035218.</ref> | Treatment is excision if...<ref name=pmid10870039>PMID 10870039.</ref><ref name=pmid19035218>PMID 19035218.</ref> | ||
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Features: | Features: | ||
*Architecture: | *Architecture: | ||
**Cell nests, ''auf deutsch'': Zellballen (literally 'Cell balls'). | **Cell nests, ''auf deutsch'': Zellballen (literally ''Cell balls''). | ||
***Useful for differentiating from ACC. | ***Useful for differentiating from ACC. | ||
*Nuclei. | *Nuclei. | ||
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==Ganglioneuroma== | ==Ganglioneuroma== | ||
Micro.<ref>[need ref]</ref> | Micro.<ref>[need ref]</ref> | ||
* | *Disordered fibrinous material | ||
* | *Ganglion cells. | ||
** | **Large cells with large nucleus. | ||
*** | ***Prominent nucleolus. | ||
==Myelolipoma== | ==Myelolipoma== | ||
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==Neuroblastoma== | ==Neuroblastoma== | ||
===Epidemiology=== | |||
*Usually paediatric population. | *Usually paediatric population. | ||