Difference between revisions of "Chondro-osseous tumours"

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Chondro-osseous tumours (view source)

Revision as of 01:52, 1 May 2014

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→‎Chondroma: split ou
(→‎Chondroblastoma: split out)
(→‎Chondroma: split ou)
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=Cartilage=
=Cartilage=
==Chondroma==
==Chondroma==
===General===
{{Main|Chondroma}}
*Benign thingy.
*Usual legs and feet.
*May be difficult to separate from [[chondrosarcoma]].
*Multiple chondromas = ''enchondromatosis''; three distinct syndromes:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref>
**Ollier disease.
**Maffucci syndrome - with [[hemangioma]]s, increased risk of [[chondrosarcoma]].<ref name=omim166000>{{OMIM|166000}}</ref>
**Metachondromatosis - autosomal dominant.
*''Enchondroma'' = chondroma in the marrow space.
 
Clinical:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref>
*Pain.
 
===Radiology===
Features:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref>
*Lytic lesion.
*Usual close to a growth plate.
 
Important suspicious findings that favour malignant:<ref name=pmid23041161>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Choi | first1 = BB. | last2 = Jee | first2 = WH. | last3 = Sunwoo | first3 = HJ. | last4 = Cho | first4 = JH. | last5 = Kim | first5 = JY. | last6 = Chun | first6 = KA. | last7 = Hong | first7 = SJ. | last8 = Chung | first8 = HW. | last9 = Sung | first9 = MS. | title = MR differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma. | journal = Clin Imaging | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 542-7 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.08.006 | PMID = 23041161 }}</ref>
*Cortical destruction.
*Soft tissue component.
 
Note:
*High-grade chondroid lesions (high-grade chondrosarcoma) can usually be separated radiologically from low-grade ones.<ref name=pmid22696998>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Berber | first1 = O. | last2 = Datta | first2 = G. | last3 = Sabharwal | first3 = S. | last4 = Aston | first4 = W. | last5 = Saifuddin | first5 = A. | last6 = Briggs | first6 = T. | title = The safety of direct primary excision of low-grade chondral lesions based on radiological diagnosis alone. | journal = Acta Orthop Belg | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 254-62 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 22696998 }}</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Ctyologically benign cells is spaced nests.
 
DDx:
*Low-grade [[chondrosarcoma]] - should be considered, correlation with radiology essential.
 
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Enchondroma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Enchondroma - intermed mag. (WC)
Image:Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Enchondroma - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
TISSUE ("CHONDROMA"), LEFT COSTAL MARGIN, EXCISION:
- CHONDROMA.
</pre>
 
====Micro====
The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally.
 
A small focus of cholesterol clefts with giant cells is present. Benign bone, bone marrow and skeletal muscle are present.


==Chondroblastoma==
==Chondroblastoma==
Michael
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