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Difference between revisions of "Autopsy"
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→Abdominal organ pluck: more
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*May appear fractured if triticeous cartilage (or triticeal cartilage) is present;<ref name=pmid15075682>{{cite journal |author=Di Nunno N, Lombardo S, Costantinides F, Di Nunno C |title=Anomalies and alterations of the hyoid-larynx complex in forensic radiographic studies |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=14–9 |year=2004 |month=March |pmid=15075682 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf]. Accessed on: 10 September 2010.</ref> triticeous cartilage may be confused with a fragment of hyoid bone. | *May appear fractured if triticeous cartilage (or triticeal cartilage) is present;<ref name=pmid15075682>{{cite journal |author=Di Nunno N, Lombardo S, Costantinides F, Di Nunno C |title=Anomalies and alterations of the hyoid-larynx complex in forensic radiographic studies |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=14–9 |year=2004 |month=March |pmid=15075682 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf]. Accessed on: 10 September 2010.</ref> triticeous cartilage may be confused with a fragment of hyoid bone. | ||
**''Triticeous'' is pronounced ''tri-tish´us''.<ref>URL: [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous]. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.</ref> | **''Triticeous'' is pronounced ''tri-tish´us''.<ref>URL: [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous]. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.</ref> | ||
==Entire organ pluck== | |||
Process: | |||
#Open IVC to diaphgram. | |||
#*Check renal veins. | |||
#Open Aorta. | |||
#*Probe celiac trunk., SMA, renal arteries, IMA. | |||
#*Open renals. | |||
#Blunt dissection to separate aorta from thorax distal to left subclavian artery. | |||
#Cut through aorta distal to left subclavian artery. | |||
#Remove aorta. | |||
#Remove IVC. | |||
#Take down eosphagus using blunt dissection (to separate from thorax). | |||
#Separate thorax and abdomen. | |||
==Abdominal organ pluck== | ==Abdominal organ pluck== | ||
===Adrenal glands=== | |||
*Place cuts at anatomical location. | |||
====Common findings==== | |||
*Cortical adenomas - seen in ~ 2% of autopsies.<ref name=pmid14514341>{{cite journal |author=Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M |title=Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=273–85 |year=2003 |month=October |pmid=14514341 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Metastatic cancer, esp. in the context of lung cancer. | |||
===Spleen=== | ===Spleen=== | ||
*To separate from pluck: cut across vessels at splenic hilum - close to the spleen. | |||
====Common findings==== | |||
{{Main|Spleen}} | {{Main|Spleen}} | ||
*Sugar-coated spleen. | |||
*Properly referred to as ''hyaloserositis of the spleen''. | **Properly referred to as ''hyaloserositis of the spleen''. | ||
*Capsule of the spleen is white - resembles sugar-coating. | **Capsule of the spleen is white - resembles sugar-coating. | ||
*Importance: ''none'' - benign. | **Importance: ''none'' - benign. | ||
===Liver=== | ===Liver=== | ||
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===Kidney=== | ===Kidney=== | ||
*Strip capsule. | |||
* | |||
==== | ====Common pathologic findings==== | ||
*ATN is difficult to prove on autopsy material. | *Size of the kidney - small kidneys are seen in chronic renal failure. | ||
*Look for: | *Nephrosclerosis: | ||
**Heme-granular casts in the lumen. | **''Flea-bitten appearance'' - seen in hypertension.<ref name=pmid9356598>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ono | first1 = H. | last2 = Ono | first2 = Y. | title = Nephrosclerosis and hypertension. | journal = Med Clin North Am | volume = 81 | issue = 6 | pages = 1273-88 | month = Nov | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 9356598 }}</ref> | ||
**Regenerative activity (mitoses). | *Acute tubular necrosis (ATN). | ||
**ATN is difficult (or impossible) to prove on autopsy material. | |||
**Look for: | |||
***Heme-granular casts in the lumen. | |||
***Regenerative activity (mitoses). | |||
==Skull== | ==Skull== | ||