Difference between revisions of "Autopsy"

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Autopsy (view source)

Revision as of 03:25, 10 October 2010

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*Usually of no interest.
*Usually of no interest.
*May have cleft or foramen - as an anatomical variant.<ref name=pmid10803333>{{cite journal |author=Fokin AA |title=Cleft sternum and sternal foramen |journal=Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=261–76 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10803333 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*May have cleft or foramen - as an anatomical variant.<ref name=pmid10803333>{{cite journal |author=Fokin AA |title=Cleft sternum and sternal foramen |journal=Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=261–76 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10803333 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===Retrieval of the (organ) "pluck"===
One piece (standard):
*Cut diaphrgam @ chest wall.
*Superior cut: through arch vessels.
*Inferior cut: through the common iliac vessels.
*Posterior:
**Thorax: cut paravertebral.
**Abdomen: blunt dissection for kidneys, then paravertebral.
Two pieces (thorax & abdomen):
*May be preferred in a "glued" (fibrosed/post-surgical) abdomen.
*Procedure - similar to ''one piece'' but:
**Cut aorta distal to the left subclavian + detach from thoracic pluck.
**Cut esophagus distal to pharynx + detach from thoracic pluck.
===Neck organ pluck===
#Trim tissue posterior to horns of the thyroid.
#Cut between thyroid horns & hyoid.
#Cut off base of tongue.
====Hyoid bone====
*Important in forensic pathology.
*Fracture is seen in manual strangulation.
*May appear fractured if triticeous cartilage (or triticeal cartilage) is present;<ref name=pmid15075682>{{cite journal |author=Di Nunno N, Lombardo S, Costantinides F, Di Nunno C |title=Anomalies and alterations of the hyoid-larynx complex in forensic radiographic studies |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=14–9 |year=2004 |month=March |pmid=15075682 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf]. Accessed on: 10 September 2010.</ref> triticeous cartilage may be confused with a fragment of hyoid bone.
**''Triticeous'' is pronounced ''tri-tish´us''.<ref>URL: [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous]. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.</ref>


===Blood clots - ''pre- and post-mortem''===
===Blood clots - ''pre- and post-mortem''===
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==Spleen==
===Retrieval of the (organ) "pluck"===
One piece (standard):
*Cut diaphrgam @ chest wall.
*Superior cut: through arch vessels.
*Inferior cut: through the common iliac vessels.
*Posterior:
**Thorax: cut paravertebral.
**Abdomen: blunt dissection for kidneys, then paravertebral.
 
Two pieces (thorax & abdomen):
*May be preferred in a "glued" (fibrosed/post-surgical) abdomen.
*Procedure - similar to ''one piece'' but:
**Cut aorta distal to the left subclavian + detach from thoracic pluck.
**Cut esophagus distal to pharynx + detach from thoracic pluck.
 
==Neck organ pluck==
#Trim tissue posterior to horns of the thyroid.
#Cut between thyroid horns & hyoid.
#Cut off base of tongue.
 
====Hyoid bone====
*Important in forensic pathology.
*Fracture is seen in manual strangulation.
*May appear fractured if triticeous cartilage (or triticeal cartilage) is present;<ref name=pmid15075682>{{cite journal |author=Di Nunno N, Lombardo S, Costantinides F, Di Nunno C |title=Anomalies and alterations of the hyoid-larynx complex in forensic radiographic studies |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=14–9 |year=2004 |month=March |pmid=15075682 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf]. Accessed on: 10 September 2010.</ref> triticeous cartilage may be confused with a fragment of hyoid bone.
**''Triticeous'' is pronounced ''tri-tish´us''.<ref>URL: [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous]. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.</ref>
 
==Abdominal organ pluck==
 
===Spleen===
{{Main|Spleen}}
{{Main|Spleen}}
===Sugar-coated spleen===
====Sugar-coated spleen====
*Properly referred to as ''hyaloserositis of the spleen''.
*Properly referred to as ''hyaloserositis of the spleen''.
*Capsule of the spleen is white - resembles sugar-coating.
*Capsule of the spleen is white - resembles sugar-coating.
*Importance: ''none'' - benign.
*Importance: ''none'' - benign.


==Liver==
===Liver===
*Portal vein patency.
*Portal vein patency.


==Kidney==
===Kidney===
Size of the kidney - small kidneys are seen in chronic renal failure.
Size of the kidney - small kidneys are seen in chronic renal failure.


===Nephrosclerosis===
====Nephrosclerosis====
*''Flea-bitten appearance'' - seen in hypertension.<ref name=pmid9356598>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ono | first1 = H. | last2 = Ono | first2 = Y. | title = Nephrosclerosis and hypertension. | journal = Med Clin North Am | volume = 81 | issue = 6 | pages = 1273-88 | month = Nov | year = 1997 | doi =  | PMID = 9356598 }}
*''Flea-bitten appearance'' - seen in hypertension.<ref name=pmid9356598>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ono | first1 = H. | last2 = Ono | first2 = Y. | title = Nephrosclerosis and hypertension. | journal = Med Clin North Am | volume = 81 | issue = 6 | pages = 1273-88 | month = Nov | year = 1997 | doi =  | PMID = 9356598 }}
</ref>
</ref>


===ATN===
====ATN====
*ATN is difficult to prove on autopsy material.
*ATN is difficult to prove on autopsy material.
*Look for:
*Look for:
Michael
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