Difference between revisions of "Medical kidney diseases"

Medical kidney diseases (view source)

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 In children nephrotic syndrome is assumed to be ''minimal change disease''.  Biopsies are done only there is no response to steriods.
-==Diabetes==
+==Diabetes mellitus==
+===General===
 *Most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD).
 *Rarely biopsied.
-*Leads to ''nodular glomerulosclerosis''.
-===Histology===
+===Microscopic===
+Features:
 *Thick glomerular basement membrane (GBM).
-*Mesangial matrix expansion - leads to nodule formation ''Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules''.
+*Mesangial matrix expansion - leads to nodule formation ''Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules'' (''nodular glomerulosclerosis'').
+*Thickening of tunica media in afferent and efferent arterioles.<ref name=pmid12032631>{{cite journal |author=Østerby R, Hartmann A, Bangstad HJ |title=Structural changes in renal arterioles in Type I diabetic patients |journal=Diabetologia |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=542–9 |year=2002 |month=April |pmid=12032631 |doi=10.1007/s00125-002-0780-2 |url=}}</ref>
+Other - with weak evidence:
+*Extra efferent vessels.<ref name=pmid17490718>{{cite journal |author=Stout LC, Whorton EB |title=Pathogenesis of extra efferent vessel development in diabetic glomeruli |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=1167–77 |year=2007 |month=August |pmid=17490718 |doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2007.01.019 |url=}}</ref>
 Image: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nodular_glomerulosclerosis.jpeg Nodular glomerulosclerosis (WP)].