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=Cardiovascular pathology= | =Cardiovascular pathology= | ||
{{Main|Cardiovascular pathology}} | {{Main|Cardiovascular pathology}} | ||
==Vascular thrombosis== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Uncommonly comes to pathology. | |||
Risk factors - think [[Virchow's triad]]: | |||
*Stasis, e.g. atrial fibrillation. | |||
*Hypercoagulable states - see ''[[risks factors venous thromboembolism]]''. | |||
*Endothelial injury. | |||
===Gross=== | |||
: See ''[[pulmonary embolism]]''. | |||
Features: | |||
*Dull appearance. | |||
*Laminations. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Layers consisting of platelets and fibrin. | |||
**Classically alternating with layers of RBCs - known as ''Lines of Zahn''.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_124>{{Ref PBoD8|124}}</ref> | |||
Note: | |||
*Multiple laminations (layers), in general, suggest that clot was formed in a dynamic environment, i.e. in the context of blood flow. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Tumour embolus. | |||
*Thromboembolus. | |||
*Fat embolism. | |||
*Amniotic fluid embolus. | |||
*Foreign body. | |||
Images: | |||
*www: | |||
**[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ATHHTML/ATH031.html Lines of Zahn (utah.edu)]. | |||
**[http://pathhsw5m54.ucsf.edu/case9/image94.html Lines of Zahn (ucsf.edu)]. | |||
*[[WC]]: | |||
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laminations_in_a_thrombus_-_low_mag.jpg Laminated thrombus - low mag. (WC)]. | |||
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laminations_in_a_thrombus_-_high_mag.jpg Laminated thrombus - high mag. (WC)]. | |||
===Sign out=== | |||
<pre> | |||
BLOOD CLOT, LEFT ILIAC ARTERY, THROMBECTOMY: | |||
- THROMBUS. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
==Leg amputation== | ==Leg amputation== | ||
===Overview=== | ===Overview=== | ||