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Viruses (view source)

Revision as of 14:37, 2 May 2012

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→‎Human papillomavirus: oncogenesis
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===General===
===General===
*Causes a lot of pathology:
*Sexually transmitted.
**Benign:
***[[Verruca vulgaris]].
***[[Condyloma acuminatum]].
***[[Esophagus#Human_papilloma_virus_esophagitis|HPV esophagitis]].
**Malignant:
**#[[Uterine cervix|Cervical cancer]] and precursors ([[LSIL]], [[HSIL]]).
**#Anal cancer and precursors ([[Anus#Anal_intraepithelial_neoplasia|AIN]]).<ref name=pmid21616117>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Borget | first1 = I. | last2 = Abramowitz | first2 = L. | last3 = Mathevet | first3 = P. | title = Economic burden of HPV-related cancers in France. | journal = Vaccine | volume = 29 | issue = 32 | pages = 5245-9 | month = Jul | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.018 | PMID = 21616117 }}</ref>
**#[[Vulva|Vulvar cancer]]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
**#[[Vagina|Vaginal cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
**#[[Penis|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
**#[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]] - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).
***Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Zhang | first1 = QY. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = DH. | last3 = Shen | first3 = ZY. | last4 = Xu | first4 = LY. | last5 = Li | first5 = EM. | last6 = Au | first6 = WW. | title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. | journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health | volume = 214 | issue = 2 | pages = 156-61 | month = Mar | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 | PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Iyer | first1 = A. | last2 = Rajendran | first2 = V. | last3 = Adamson | first3 = CS. | last4 = Peng | first4 = Z. | last5 = Cooper | first5 = K. | last6 = Evans | first6 = MF. | title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. | journal = J Clin Virol | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 205-8 | month = Mar | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 | PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>


Oncocytic types:
====Associated pathology====
*Benign:
**[[Verruca vulgaris]].
**[[Condyloma acuminatum]].
**[[Esophagus#Human_papilloma_virus_esophagitis|HPV esophagitis]].
*Malignant:
*#[[Uterine cervix|Cervical cancer]] and precursors ([[LSIL]], [[HSIL]]).
*#Anal cancer and precursors ([[Anus#Anal_intraepithelial_neoplasia|AIN]]).<ref name=pmid21616117>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Borget | first1 = I. | last2 = Abramowitz | first2 = L. | last3 = Mathevet | first3 = P. | title = Economic burden of HPV-related cancers in France. | journal = Vaccine | volume = 29 | issue = 32 | pages = 5245-9 | month = Jul | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.018 | PMID = 21616117 }}</ref>
*#[[Vulva|Vulvar cancer]]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
*#[[Vagina|Vaginal cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
*#[[Penis|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
*#[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]] - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).
**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Zhang | first1 = QY. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = DH. | last3 = Shen | first3 = ZY. | last4 = Xu | first4 = LY. | last5 = Li | first5 = EM. | last6 = Au | first6 = WW. | title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. | journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health | volume = 214 | issue = 2 | pages = 156-61 | month = Mar | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 | PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Iyer | first1 = A. | last2 = Rajendran | first2 = V. | last3 = Adamson | first3 = CS. | last4 = Peng | first4 = Z. | last5 = Cooper | first5 = K. | last6 = Evans | first6 = MF. | title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. | journal = J Clin Virol | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 205-8 | month = Mar | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 | PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>
 
====Oncocytic types====
*HPV 18 - predominantly adenocarcinoma.<ref name=pmid15551313>{{Cite journal  | last1 = De Boer | first1 = MA. | last2 = Peters | first2 = LA. | last3 = Aziz | first3 = MF. | last4 = Siregar | first4 = B. | last5 = Cornain | first5 = S. | last6 = Vrede | first6 = MA. | last7 = Jordanova | first7 = ES. | last8 = Fleuren | first8 = GJ. | title = Human papillomavirus type 18 variants: histopathology and E6/E7 polymorphisms in three countries. | journal = Int J Cancer | volume = 114 | issue = 3 | pages = 422-5 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.20727 | PMID = 15551313 }}</ref>
*HPV 18 - predominantly adenocarcinoma.<ref name=pmid15551313>{{Cite journal  | last1 = De Boer | first1 = MA. | last2 = Peters | first2 = LA. | last3 = Aziz | first3 = MF. | last4 = Siregar | first4 = B. | last5 = Cornain | first5 = S. | last6 = Vrede | first6 = MA. | last7 = Jordanova | first7 = ES. | last8 = Fleuren | first8 = GJ. | title = Human papillomavirus type 18 variants: histopathology and E6/E7 polymorphisms in three countries. | journal = Int J Cancer | volume = 114 | issue = 3 | pages = 422-5 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.20727 | PMID = 15551313 }}</ref>
**''Eigh''teen = ''a''denocarcinoma.
**'''Eigh'''teen = '''a'''denocarcinoma.
*HPV 16 - predominantly squamous cell carcinoma.<ref name=pmid15551313/>  
*HPV 16 - predominantly squamous cell carcinoma.<ref name=pmid15551313/>  
**''S''ixteen = ''s''quamous.
**'''S'''ixteen = '''s'''quamous.


====Oncogenesis====
Quick & dirty explanation of pathogenesis:<ref name=pmid12445661>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Münger | first1 = K. | last2 = Howley | first2 = PM. | title = Human papillomavirus immortalization and transformation functions. | journal = Virus Res | volume = 89 | issue = 2 | pages = 213-28 | month = Nov | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12445661 }}</ref><ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_169>{{Ref PCPBoD8|169}}</ref>
*Viral gene E6 --> p53.
*Viral gene E7 --> RB.
====Vaccine====
Recombinant vaccine (Gardasil, Silgard) - covers:<ref name=pmid21942919>{{Cite journal  | last1 = McCormack | first1 = PL. | last2 = Joura | first2 = EA. | title = Spotlight on Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus(Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine(Gardasil®) in the Prevention of PremalignantGenital Lesions, Genital Cancer, and Genital Warts in Women†. | journal = BioDrugs | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 339-43 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.2165/11205060-000000000-00000 | PMID = 21942919 }}</ref>
Recombinant vaccine (Gardasil, Silgard) - covers:<ref name=pmid21942919>{{Cite journal  | last1 = McCormack | first1 = PL. | last2 = Joura | first2 = EA. | title = Spotlight on Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus(Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine(Gardasil®) in the Prevention of PremalignantGenital Lesions, Genital Cancer, and Genital Warts in Women†. | journal = BioDrugs | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 339-43 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.2165/11205060-000000000-00000 | PMID = 21942919 }}</ref>
*HPV 6.
*HPV 6.
Michael
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