Hypersensitivity

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Hypersensitivity is an inappropriate immune system response. It is a thingy one may get quizzed on.

Gell & Coombs classification

Gell & Coombs, in the 1960s, came-up with a classification that has endured.

Type (I-IV) Formal name[1] Name Example Mediator Pathology
I Immediate h. Allergic h. anaphylaxis, (atopic) bronchial asthma, allergies antibodies (IgE) mast cells, inflammation (esp. eosinophils), edema
II Antibody mediated h. Cytotoxic antibody dependent h. Goodpasture syndrome,[2] Graves disease antibodies (IgG, IgM) (antibody-mediated) phagocytosis & lysis
III Immune complex mediated h. Immune complex mediated h. systemic lupus erythematosus, hypersensitivity pneumonitis,[3] rheumatoid arthritis antigen-antibody complex inflammation, vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis
IV Cell-mediated h. Delayed-type hypersensitivity tuberculosis, contact dermatitis, chronic transplant rejection, inflammatory bowel disease activated T cells perivascular inflammation, granulomas


Memory device ACID:[4]

  • Allergic, Cytotoxic-mediated, Immune-complex disease, Delayed hypersensitivity.

See also

References

  1. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 110. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  2. Briggs, WA.; Johnson, JP.; Teichman, S.; Yeager, HC.; Wilson, CB. (Sep 1979). "Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis and Goodpasture's syndrome.". Medicine (Baltimore) 58 (5): 348-61. PMID 384140.
  3. Kaltreider, HB. (Nov 1993). "Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.". West J Med 159 (5): 570-8. PMID 8279154. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/8279154/?tool=pubmed.
  4. URL: http://www.saintcyr.com/2001/mnemonic.html. Accessed on: 13 November 2011.