Vascular tumours

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This article covers soft tissue vascular tumours. Vascular malformations are covered in the vascular malformations article.

Micrograph showing a capillary hemangioma, a common type of vascular tumour. H&E stain.

Normal histology

Normal blood vessel histology is dealt with in the vascular disease article.

Mimics

Distinct entities

Hemangioma

Lymphangioma

General

Treatment:

  • Surgical excision.

Microscopic

Features:[2][1]

  • Thin-walled channels lined by endothelium.
  • +/-Eosinophilic intraluminal material.
  • +/-Clusters of intraluminal lymphocytes.
  • +/-Occasional RBCs.

DDx:

Images:

IHC

Features:[3][4]

  • D2-40 +ve.

Kaposi sarcoma

Masson hemangioma

  • AKA intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia.[5]
  • AKA Masson tumor.[6]

Angiosarcoma

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma

General

  • Locally aggressive.[7]
  • Childhood tumour.[8]
  • Approximately half have Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon[8] = vascular tumour --> coagulopathy.

Microscopic

Features:[9]

  • Spindle cells lesions in sheets or nodules.
  • +/-Round tumour nodules - "cannon ball" appearance.

DDx:

IHC

Features:[9]

  • Vimentin +ve.
  • C31 +ve.
  • CD34 +ve.
  • UEA-1 lectin +ve.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

Retiform hemangioendothelioma

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 12. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  2. Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 489. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  3. Kalof, AN.; Cooper, K. (Jan 2009). "D2-40 immunohistochemistry--so far!". Adv Anat Pathol 16 (1): 62-4. doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181915e94. PMID 19098468.
  4. Kahn, HJ.; Bailey, D.; Marks, A. (Apr 2002). "Monoclonal antibody D2-40, a new marker of lymphatic endothelium, reacts with Kaposi's sarcoma and a subset of angiosarcomas.". Mod Pathol 15 (4): 434-40. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880543. PMID 11950918.
  5. Korkolis DP, Papaevangelou M, Koulaxouzidis G, Zirganos N, Psichogiou H, Vassilopoulos PP (2005). "Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson's hemangioma) presenting as a soft-tissue sarcoma". Anticancer Res. 25 (2B): 1409–12. PMID 15865098.
  6. URL: http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case544/dx.html. Accessed on: 25 January 2012.
  7. Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 603. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Lyons, LL.; North, PE.; Mac-Moune Lai, F.; Stoler, MH.; Folpe, AL.; Weiss, SW. (May 2004). "Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: a study of 33 cases emphasizing its pathologic, immunophenotypic, and biologic uniqueness from juvenile hemangioma.". Am J Surg Pathol 28 (5): 559-68. PMID 15105642.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Miller, K. (Mar 1991). "Sister-chromatid exchange in human B- and T-lymphocytes exposed to bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, and ethyl methanesulfonate.". Mutat Res 247 (1): 175-82. PMID 1706068. http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v14/n11/full/3880441a.html.