Uterine leiomyoma

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Uterine leiomyoma, commonly fibroid, is a very common benign smooth muscle tumour of the uterus.

The more general topic of leiomyoma is covered in the article leiomyoma.

General

Gross

Feature:

  • Sharply circumscribed.
  • Gray-white.
  • Whorled appearance.

Factor that raise concern for leiomyosarcoma:

  • Haemorrhage.
  • Cystic degeneration.
  • Necrosis.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Spindle cells arranged in fascicles.
    • Fascicular appearance: adjacent groups of cells have their long axis perpendicular to one another; looks somewhat like a braided hair that was cut.
  • Whorled arrangement of cells.

Negatives:

  • Necrosis (low power) - suggestive of leiomyosarcoma.
  • Hypercellularity.
  • Nuclear atypia seen at low power.
  • Few mitoses.

Images:

Variants

  • Lipoleiomyoma - with adipose tissue.
  • Hypercellular leiomyoma - hypercellularity associated with more mutations.[2]
  • Atypical leiomyoma (AKA symplastic leiomyoma) - leiomyoma with nuclear atypia.
  • Benign metastasizing leiomyoma.[3]
    • This is just what it sounds like. Some believe these are low grade leiomyosarcomas.

IHC

Work-up of suspicious leiomyomas:[4]

  • CD10 +ve.[5]
  • SMA +ve.
  • Desmin +ve.
  • Ki-67 -ve.

Others:

  • p16 usually -ve.[6]
    • Often +ve in leiomyosarcoma.
  • H-caldesmon +ve.[5]

Sign out

Uterine Cervix, Uterus, Bilateral Tubes and IUD, Total Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingectomy:
- Uterine leiomyomas.
- Mild atherosclerosis.
- Inactive endometrium.
- Intrauterine device (IUD) - gross only.
- Uterine cervix within normal limits.
- Left uterine tube with small paratubal cyst, negative for 
  significant pathology.
- Right uterine tube with paratubal cyst, negative for significant pathology.
- NEGATIVE for malignancy.

Block letters

UTERUS WITH CERVIX, UTERINE TUBES AND LEFT OVARY, TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY, BILATERAL SALPINGECTOMY 
AND LEFT OOPHRECTOMY:
- LEIOMYOMATA WITH FOCAL CALCIFICATION AND HYALINE CHANGE.
- SECRETORY PHASE ENDOMETRIUM.
- LEFT OVARY WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- UTERINE TUBES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- UTERINE CERVIX WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.

Myomectomy

UTERINE MASSES ("FIBROIDS"), MYOMECTOMY:
- LEIOMYOMATA.
UTERINE MASS, HYSTEROSCOPIC MYOMECTOMY:
- BENIGN SMOOTH MUSCLE FRAGMENTS COMPATIBLE WITH LEIOMYOMA.
- SECRETORY PHASE ENDOMETRIUM.

Micro

The sections show bland spindle cells within a fascicular architecture. Hyaline change is present. No necrosis is seen. Mild proliferative activity is seen (~ 2 mitoses/10 HPFs, 1 HPF ~0.2376 mm*mm). No cytologic atypia is apparent.

See also

References

  1. Delev, DP.. "Ulipristal acetate--a review of the new therapeutic indications and future prospects.". Folia Med (Plovdiv) 55 (3-4): 5-10. PMID 24712276.
  2. Pandis, N.; Heim, S.; Willén, H.; Bardi, G.; Flodérus, U-M.; Mandahl, N.; Mitelman, F. (Jan 1991). "Histologic—cytogenetic correlations in uterine leiomyomas.". International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 1 (4): 163-68. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119360394/abstract.
  3. Patton, KT.; Cheng, L.; Papavero, V.; Blum, MG.; Yeldandi, AV.; Adley, BP.; Luan, C.; Diaz, LK. et al. (Jan 2006). "Benign metastasizing leiomyoma: clonality, telomere length and clinicopathologic analysis.". Mod Pathol 19 (1): 130-40. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800504. PMID 16357844. http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v19/n1/full/3800504a.html.
  4. STC. 25 February 2009.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Zhu, XQ.; Shi, YF.; Cheng, XD.; Zhao, CL.; Wu, YZ. (Jan 2004). "Immunohistochemical markers in differential diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcoma and cellular leiomyoma.". Gynecol Oncol 92 (1): 71-9. PMID 14751141.
  6. Gannon, BR.; Manduch, M.; Childs, TJ. (Jan 2008). "Differential Immunoreactivity of p16 in leiomyosarcomas and leiomyoma variants.". Int J Gynecol Pathol 27 (1): 68-73. doi:10.1097/pgp.0b013e3180ca954f. PMID 18156978.