Difference between revisions of "Ureter"

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The '''ureter''' is uncommonly afflicted by pathology that the pathologist sees on a day-to-day basis.
The '''ureter''' is the tubule that takes the urine from the [[kidney]] to the [[urinary bladder]]. It is uncommonly afflicted by pathology that the pathologist sees on a day-to-day basis.


=Normal ureter=
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/urinary/ureter.php http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/urinary/ureter.php]. Accessed: 31 October 2013.</ref>
*Mucosa - epithelium and fibrous tissue.
*Muscularis:
**Upper 2/3: inner longitudinal, outer circular.
**Lower 1/3: inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal.
Note:
*There is no submucosa!
<gallery>
Image:Gray1134.png| Ureter - cross-section. (WC)
</gallery>
=Pathology of the ureter - overview=
*[[Kidney stones]].
*[[Ureteritis cystica]].
*[[Urothelial carcinoma in situ]] - strong association with CIS in the urinary bladder.<ref name=pmid25374918>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Zhou | first1 = H. | last2 = Ro | first2 = JY. | last3 = Truong | first3 = LD. | last4 = Ayala | first4 = AG. | last5 = Shen | first5 = SS. | title = Intraoperative frozen section evaluation of ureteral and urethral margins: studies of 203 consecutive radical cystoprostatectomy for men with bladder urothelial carcinoma. | journal = Am J Clin Exp Urol | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 156-60 | month =  | year = 2014 | doi =  | PMID = 25374918 }}</ref>
*Other urothelial neoplasias - esp. in [[Lynch syndrome]]<ref name=pmid21419447>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Crockett | first1 = DG. | last2 = Wagner | first2 = DG. | last3 = Holmäng | first3 = S. | last4 = Johansson | first4 = SL. | last5 = Lynch | first5 = HT. | title = Upper urinary tract carcinoma in Lynch syndrome cases. | journal = J Urol | volume = 185 | issue = 5 | pages = 1627-30 | month = May | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2010.12.102 | PMID = 21419447 }}</ref> - see [[urothelium]].
*[[Malakoplakia]].
*Others.
=Specific conditions=
==Ureteritis cystica==
==Ureteritis cystica==
===General===
===General===
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*Smooth/round projections into the lumen.
*Smooth/round projections into the lumen.


Image:
Images:
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/figure/F1/ Endoscopic image of ureteritis cystica (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21966620>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rothschild | first1 = JG. | last2 = Wu | first2 = G. | title = Ureteritis cystica: a radiologic pathologic correlation. | journal = J Clin Imaging Sci | volume = 1 | issue =  | pages = 23 | month =  | year = 2011 | doi = 10.4103/2156-7514.80375 | PMID = 21966620 | PMC = 3177432 | URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/?tool=pubmed }}</ref>
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/figure/F1/ Endoscopic image of ureteritis cystica (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21966620>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rothschild | first1 = JG. | last2 = Wu | first2 = G. | title = Ureteritis cystica: a radiologic pathologic correlation. | journal = J Clin Imaging Sci | volume = 1 | issue =  | pages = 23 | month =  | year = 2011 | doi = 10.4103/2156-7514.80375 | PMID = 21966620 | PMC = 3177432 | URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/?tool=pubmed }}</ref>
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=50&n=11 Ureteritis cystica (webpathology.com)].


===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
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*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/figure/F2/ Ureteritis cystica (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21966620/>
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/figure/F2/ Ureteritis cystica (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21966620/>


==References==
==Urothelial carcinoma==
{{Reflist|2}}
===General===
*Should prompt consideration of [[Lynch syndrome]].
 
===Microscopic===
See:
*[[High-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
DISTAL LEFT URETER (TIE ON PROXIMAL END), EXCISION:
- HIGH-GRADE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA, NON-INVASIVE.
-- PLEASE SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY AND COMMENT.
</pre>


==See also==
=See also=
*[[Genitourinary pathology]].
*[[Genitourinary pathology]].
*[[Urothelium]].
*[[Urothelium]].
=References=
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Genitourinary pathology]]
[[Category:Genitourinary pathology]]

Latest revision as of 06:10, 18 December 2014

The ureter is the tubule that takes the urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. It is uncommonly afflicted by pathology that the pathologist sees on a day-to-day basis.

Normal ureter

Microscopic

Features:[1]

  • Mucosa - epithelium and fibrous tissue.
  • Muscularis:
    • Upper 2/3: inner longitudinal, outer circular.
    • Lower 1/3: inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal.

Note:

  • There is no submucosa!

  • Ureter - cross-section. (WC)

Pathology of the ureter - overview

Specific conditions

Ureteritis cystica

General

Gross

  • Smooth/round projections into the lumen.

Images:

Microscopic

Features:

  • Nests of urothelium within the lamina propria with cyst formation, i.e. lumens are present.

Image:

Urothelial carcinoma

General

Microscopic

See:

Sign out

DISTAL LEFT URETER (TIE ON PROXIMAL END), EXCISION:
- HIGH-GRADE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA, NON-INVASIVE.
-- PLEASE SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY AND COMMENT.

See also

References

  1. ↑ URL: http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/urinary/ureter.php. Accessed: 31 October 2013.
  2. ↑ Zhou, H.; Ro, JY.; Truong, LD.; Ayala, AG.; Shen, SS. (2014). "Intraoperative frozen section evaluation of ureteral and urethral margins: studies of 203 consecutive radical cystoprostatectomy for men with bladder urothelial carcinoma.". Am J Clin Exp Urol 2 (2): 156-60. PMID 25374918.
  3. ↑ Crockett, DG.; Wagner, DG.; Holmäng, S.; Johansson, SL.; Lynch, HT. (May 2011). "Upper urinary tract carcinoma in Lynch syndrome cases.". J Urol 185 (5): 1627-30. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.12.102. PMID 21419447.
  4. ↑ Padilla-Fernández, B.; Díaz-Alférez, F.; Herrero-Polo, M.; Martín-Izquierdo, M.; Silva-Abuín, J.; Lorenzo-Gómez, M. (2012). "Ureteritis cystica: important consideration in the differential diagnosis of acute renal colic.". Clin Med Insights Case Rep 5: 29-33. doi:10.4137/CCRep.S9189. PMID 22474406.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Rothschild, JG.; Wu, G. (2011). "Ureteritis cystica: a radiologic pathologic correlation.". J Clin Imaging Sci 1: 23. doi:10.4103/2156-7514.80375. PMC 3177432. PMID 21966620. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/.
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