Difference between revisions of "Pericardium"

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(Created page with "'''Pericardium''' is a specimen that uncommonly comes to pathology. =Pathologies of the pericardium= *Fibrinous pericarditis. ==See also== *Heart. Category:C...")
 
 
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[[Image:Blausen 0470 HeartWall.png|thumb|right|300px|The heart wall (schematic). (WC/Wikiversity Journal of Medicine)]]
'''Pericardium''' is a specimen that uncommonly comes to [[pathology]].
'''Pericardium''' is a specimen that uncommonly comes to [[pathology]].


=Pathologies of the pericardium=
=Pathologies of the pericardium=
===Benign===
*Idiopathic pericarditis - common.<ref name=pmid23773902>{{cite journal |author=Smets P, Guettrot-Imbert G, Hermet M, ''et al.'' |title=[Recurrent pericarditis related to primary pericardial malignant mesothelioma] |language=French |journal=Rev Med Interne |volume=34 |issue=9 |pages=573–6 |year=2013 |month=September |pmid=23773902 |doi=10.1016/j.revmed.2013.04.021 |url=}}</ref>
*Infectious pericarditis - post-procedural.
*[[Fibrinous pericarditis]].
*[[Fibrinous pericarditis]].
*[[Pericardial cyst]].


===Malignant===
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]].
*[[Metastasis|Metastasis]].
===Related pathologies===
*Pericardial effusion.
*Hemopericardium.
*Cardiac tamponade.
=Specific entities=
==Idiopathic pericarditis==
:''Pericarditis'' redirects here.
===General===
*Uncommon.
*In the clinical context ''pericarditis'' is used for things that probably don't have inflammation.<ref name=pmid16200146>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Roberts | first1 = WC. | title = Pericardial heart disease: its morphologic features and its causes. | journal = Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 38-55 | month = Jan | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16200146 }}</ref>
**"Pericardial heart disease" may be a better descriptor.
Etiologies of pericarditis:<ref name=pmid22723538/>
*Infectious:
**Fungal.
**Bacterial.
*Idiopathic - most common.
*Neoplastic.
*Autoimmune, e.g. [[systemic lupus erythematosus]].
*Uremia - [[chronic renal failure]].
*Traumatic - post-surgical.
*Associated with [[myocardial infarction]] - [[Dressler's syndrome]].
===Gross===
Features:<ref name=pmid22723538>{{cite journal |author=Peebles CR, Shambrook JS, Harden SP |title=Pericardial disease--anatomy and function |journal=Br J Radiol |volume=84 Spec No 3 |issue= |pages=S324–37 |year=2011 |month=December |pmid=22723538 |pmc=3473919 |doi=10.1259/bjr/16168253 |url=}}</ref>
*Thickening.
*+/-Pericardial [[effusion]].
Notes:
*Normal pericardial fluid volume 5-35 mL.<ref name=pmid22723538/>
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Inflammatory cells:
**Neutrophils.
**Lymphocytes.
**Plasma cells.
*+/-Hemosiderin-laden macrophages.
DDx:
*Infectious pericarditis.
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]].<ref name=pmid23773902/>
====Images====
<gallery>
Image: Acute pericarditis -- intermed mag.jpg | AP - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Acute pericarditis -- high mag.jpg | AP - high mag. (WC)
Image: Acute pericarditis -- very high mag.jpg | AP - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
===Sign out===
<pre>
PERICARDIUM, BIOPSY:
- ACUTE AND CHRONIC PERICARDITIS WITH SIDEROPHAGES AND REACTIVE MESOTHELIAL CHANGES.
- NO MICRO-ORGANISMS SEEN WITH ROUTINE STAINING.
- NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
====Micro====
The sections show fibrous tissue with minimal adipose tissue that is covered by mesothelium. A mixed inflammatory infiltrate is present that consists primarily of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Rare eosinophils are seen. Focally, neutrophils are seen and associated with reactive mesothelial cells. Abundant hemosideratin-laden macrophages are seen. No fibrinous strands are seen. No significant nuclear atypia is identified and no atypical infiltrative cell population is identified. No micro-organisms are identified with routine staining.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Heart]].
*[[Heart]].
*[[Mediastinum]].
*[[Fibrinous pericarditis]].
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Cardiovascular pathology]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular pathology]]

Latest revision as of 12:12, 8 July 2016

The heart wall (schematic). (WC/Wikiversity Journal of Medicine)

Pericardium is a specimen that uncommonly comes to pathology.

Pathologies of the pericardium

Benign

Malignant

Related pathologies

  • Pericardial effusion.
  • Hemopericardium.
  • Cardiac tamponade.

Specific entities

Idiopathic pericarditis

Pericarditis redirects here.

General

  • Uncommon.
  • In the clinical context pericarditis is used for things that probably don't have inflammation.[2]
    • "Pericardial heart disease" may be a better descriptor.

Etiologies of pericarditis:[3]

Gross

Features:[3]

Notes:

  • Normal pericardial fluid volume 5-35 mL.[3]

Microscopic

Features:

  • Inflammatory cells:
    • Neutrophils.
    • Lymphocytes.
    • Plasma cells.
  • +/-Hemosiderin-laden macrophages.

DDx:

Images

  • AP - intermed. mag. (WC)

  • AP - high mag. (WC)

  • AP - very high mag. (WC)

Sign out

PERICARDIUM, BIOPSY:
- ACUTE AND CHRONIC PERICARDITIS WITH SIDEROPHAGES AND REACTIVE MESOTHELIAL CHANGES.
- NO MICRO-ORGANISMS SEEN WITH ROUTINE STAINING.
- NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY.

Micro

The sections show fibrous tissue with minimal adipose tissue that is covered by mesothelium. A mixed inflammatory infiltrate is present that consists primarily of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Rare eosinophils are seen. Focally, neutrophils are seen and associated with reactive mesothelial cells. Abundant hemosideratin-laden macrophages are seen. No fibrinous strands are seen. No significant nuclear atypia is identified and no atypical infiltrative cell population is identified. No micro-organisms are identified with routine staining.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Smets P, Guettrot-Imbert G, Hermet M, et al. (September 2013). "[Recurrent pericarditis related to primary pericardial malignant mesothelioma]" (in French). Rev Med Interne 34 (9): 573–6. doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2013.04.021. PMID 23773902.
  2. ↑ Roberts, WC. (Jan 2005). "Pericardial heart disease: its morphologic features and its causes.". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 18 (1): 38-55. PMID 16200146.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Peebles CR, Shambrook JS, Harden SP (December 2011). "Pericardial disease--anatomy and function". Br J Radiol 84 Spec No 3: S324–37. doi:10.1259/bjr/16168253. PMC 3473919. PMID 22723538. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473919/.
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