Parathyroid carcinoma

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Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare epithelial malignancy of the parathyroid gland.

Parathyroid carcinoma
Diagnosis in short

Parathyroid carcinoma. H&E stain.
IHC PAX8 +ve, Ki-67 >6% +ve
Site parathyroid gland

Prevalence very rare
Prognosis poor
Clin. DDx parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, thyroid cancer
Treatment surgical excision

General

  • Extremely rare.
  • May be seen in the context of familial primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).[1]

Microscopic

Features:[2]

  • Histologically normal parathyroid cells.
    • Cytologic features not reliable for diagnosis.
  • Fibrous capsule.
  • Invasion of surrounding tissue - key feature.
  • +/-Metastasis - diagnostic feature.

Note:

  • Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma is like that of malignant pheochromocytoma - cytology useless, tissue invasion and metastases are the key features.

Images

IHC

  • Ki-67 >6% of cells positive - supports diagnosis.[3]
    • Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasias ~ 3%.
  • PAX8 +ve.[4]

See also

References

  1. Cetani, F.; Pardi, E.; Marcocci, C. (Jun 2018). "Parathyroid carcinoma: a clinical and genetic perspective.". Minerva Endocrinol 43 (2): 144-155. doi:10.23736/S0391-1977.17.02737-7. PMID 28949121.
  2. Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon (2009). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 1128. ISBN 978-1416031215.
  3. Abbona, GC.; Papotti, M.; Gasparri, G.; Bussolati, G. (Feb 1995). "Proliferative activity in parathyroid tumors as detected by Ki-67 immunostaining.". Hum Pathol 26 (2): 135-8. PMID 7860042.
  4. Ordóñez, NG. (May 2012). "Value of PAX 8 immunostaining in tumor diagnosis: a review and update.". Adv Anat Pathol 19 (3): 140-51. doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e318253465d. PMID 22498579.