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Difference between revisions of "Forensic pathology"
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*Beer bottles are common... and strong enought to fracture a skull. | *Beer bottles are common... and strong enought to fracture a skull. | ||
**Empty bottles have a higher fracture energy than full ones.<ref name=pmid19239964>{{cite journal |author=Bolliger SA, Ross S, Oesterhelweg L, Thali MJ, Kneubuehl BP |title=Are full or empty beer bottles sturdier and does their fracture-threshold suffice to break the human skull? |journal=J Forensic Leg Med |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=138–42 |year=2009 |month=April |pmid=19239964 |doi=10.1016/j.jflm.2008.07.013 |url=}}</ref> | **Empty bottles have a higher fracture energy than full ones.<ref name=pmid19239964>{{cite journal |author=Bolliger SA, Ross S, Oesterhelweg L, Thali MJ, Kneubuehl BP |title=Are full or empty beer bottles sturdier and does their fracture-threshold suffice to break the human skull? |journal=J Forensic Leg Med |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=138–42 |year=2009 |month=April |pmid=19239964 |doi=10.1016/j.jflm.2008.07.013 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Commotio cordis=== | ===Commotio cordis=== | ||
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==Head injuries== | ==Head injuries== | ||
===Accidental vs. intentional=== | |||
Features of non-accidental injuries:<ref name=pmid20141554>{{cite journal |author=Guyomarc'h P, Campagna-Vaillancourt M, Kremer C, Sauvageau A |title=Discrimination of falls and blows in blunt head trauma: a multi-criteria approach |journal=J. Forensic Sci. |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=423–7 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20141554 |doi=10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01310.x |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Lacerations: | |||
**More than three. | |||
**Length >= 7 cm or more. | |||
**Location: | |||
***Above hat brim line (HBL). | |||
***Ear. | |||
***Left-sided. | |||
*Fractures: | |||
**Comminuted or depressed calvarial fractures. | |||
**Location: | |||
***Fractures located above the HBL. | |||
***Left-sided fractures. | |||
***Facial fractures. | |||
*Contusions: | |||
**Greater than four facial contusions. | |||
*Other: | |||
**"Postcranial osseous" [sic] (non-rib, non-skull) and/or visceral trauma. | |||
Note: The paper doesn't give odds ratios for the the different features -- like in the rational clinical exam series... it is a shame. | |||
===Diffuse axonal injury=== | ===Diffuse axonal injury=== | ||
Clinical: | Clinical: | ||
*Vegetative state. | *Vegetative state. | ||
*Imaging findings: no anatomical cause apparent in some cases. | *Imaging findings: no anatomical cause apparent (in some cases). | ||
Etiology: | Etiology: | ||