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Difference between revisions of "Forensic pathology"
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→Diffuse axonal injury
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==Diffuse axonal injury== | ==Diffuse axonal injury== | ||
===General=== | |||
Clinical: | Clinical: | ||
*Vegetative state. | *Vegetative state. | ||
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*Hypothesized to arise from high shear loading of white mater tracts.<ref name=pmid2769276>{{cite journal |author=Blumbergs PC, Jones NR, North JB |title=Diffuse axonal injury in head trauma |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=52 |issue=7 |pages=838–41 |year=1989 |month=July |pmid=2769276 |pmc=1031929 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Hypothesized to arise from high shear loading of white mater tracts.<ref name=pmid2769276>{{cite journal |author=Blumbergs PC, Jones NR, North JB |title=Diffuse axonal injury in head trauma |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=52 |issue=7 |pages=838–41 |year=1989 |month=July |pmid=2769276 |pmc=1031929 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Gross=== | |||
Macroscopic findings:<ref name=pmid2769276/> | Macroscopic findings:<ref name=pmid2769276/> | ||
*Tears - corpus callosum. | *Tears - corpus callosum. | ||
*Haemorrhage. | *Haemorrhage. | ||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Microscopic findings:<ref name=pmid2769276/> | Microscopic findings:<ref name=pmid2769276/> | ||
*Axonal retraction balls. | *Axonal retraction balls. | ||
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*Grade 3: macroscopic and microscopic findings. | *Grade 3: macroscopic and microscopic findings. | ||
IHC | ===IHC=== | ||
*Beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP ''or'' APP).<ref name=pmid10050789>{{cite journal |author=Gleckman AM, Bell MD, Evans RJ, Smith TW |title=Diffuse axonal injury in infants with nonaccidental craniocerebral trauma: enhanced detection by beta-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemical staining |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=123 |issue=2 |pages=146–51 |year=1999 |month=February |pmid=10050789 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name=pmid17368446>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mac Donald | first1 = CL. | last2 = Dikranian | first2 = K. | last3 = Song | first3 = SK. | last4 = Bayly | first4 = PV. | last5 = Holtzman | first5 = DM. | last6 = Brody | first6 = DL. | title = Detection of traumatic axonal injury with diffusion tensor imaging in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. | journal = Exp Neurol | volume = 205 | issue = 1 | pages = 116-31 | month = May | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.035 | PMID = 17368446 | PMC = 1995439 }}</ref> | |||
*NF.<ref name=pmid17368446/> | |||
==Intracranial hemorrhage== | ==Intracranial hemorrhage== | ||