Difference between revisions of "Cerebrovascular accident"

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#redirect [[Neuropathology#Cerebrovascular_accident]]
'''Cerebrovascular accident''', abbreviated '''CVA''', is a common [[neuropathology|neurologic pathology]].  It is also known as a '''stroke'''.
 
==General==
*Very common.
*Leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
 
Etiologies:<ref name=pmid20666847>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Love | first1 = S. | title = Autopsy approach to stroke. | journal = Histopathology | volume = 58 | issue = 3 | pages = 333-51 | month = Feb | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03614.x | PMID = 20666847 }}</ref>
*[[Atherosclerosis]] of the cerebral vessels or internal carotid artery.
*Embolism.
*Hemorrhage (ruptured [[berry aneurysm]], [[cerebral amyloid angiopathy]]).
*Tumour.
*Others.
 
Clinical classification:
# Hemorrhagic stroke.
# Ischemic stroke.
 
==Gross==
*Soft/mushy brain.
*Older [[infarct]]s.
**A "roof" is present - a thin submeningeal layer is preserved by the CSF.<ref>MUN. 16 December 2009.</ref>
***"Roof" is absent in trauma.
**Cavity - in older infarcts.
***''[[Multiple sclerosis]]'' does not cavitate.
*Laminar necrosis = (thin) chalky line replaces grey mater.<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q03-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q03-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>
**[[AKA]] ''pseudolaminar necrosis'' - as it is not localized to a specific layer of the cortex.<ref>MUN. 26 November 2010.</ref>
 
DDx:
*[[Cerebral contusion]].
 
===Images===
<gallery>
Image:MCA-Stroke-Brain-Human-1.JPG| Changes of CVA - right of image. (WC/Marvin 101)
</gallery>
 
==Microscopic==
Features:
*[[Ischemic neurons]].
*+/-Neuronal loss.
*+/-Microglial.
*+/-[[Thrombosis]].
*+/-[[Atherosclerosis]].
 
DDx:
*Hypoglycaemic injury.<ref name=pmid20666847/>
 
===Images===
<gallery>
Image:AcuteStroke_HE400x.jpg|Neuronal changes of an acute stroke. (WC/Martin Hasselblatt)
</gallery>
 
==See also==
*[[Neuropathology]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Neuropathology]]

Latest revision as of 07:59, 11 December 2014

Cerebrovascular accident, abbreviated CVA, is a common neurologic pathology. It is also known as a stroke.

General

  • Very common.
  • Leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

Etiologies:[1]

Clinical classification:

  1. Hemorrhagic stroke.
  2. Ischemic stroke.

Gross

  • Soft/mushy brain.
  • Older infarcts.
    • A "roof" is present - a thin submeningeal layer is preserved by the CSF.[2]
      • "Roof" is absent in trauma.
    • Cavity - in older infarcts.
  • Laminar necrosis = (thin) chalky line replaces grey mater.[3]
    • AKA pseudolaminar necrosis - as it is not localized to a specific layer of the cortex.[4]

DDx:

Images

  • Changes of CVA - right of image. (WC/Marvin 101)

Microscopic

Features:

DDx:

  • Hypoglycaemic injury.[1]

Images

  • Neuronal changes of an acute stroke. (WC/Martin Hasselblatt)

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Love, S. (Feb 2011). "Autopsy approach to stroke.". Histopathology 58 (3): 333-51. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03614.x. PMID 20666847.
  2. ↑ MUN. 16 December 2009.
  3. ↑ URL: http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q03-Ans.htm. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.
  4. ↑ MUN. 26 November 2010.
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