Difference between revisions of "Calcification"
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==Metastatic calcification== | ==Metastatic calcification== | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
Causes of elevated calcium mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_21>{{Ref PCPBoD8|21}}</ref><ref>{{Ref TN2006 |Emerg.}}</ref> | Causes of elevated calcium - mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_21>{{Ref PCPBoD8|21}}</ref><ref>{{Ref TN2006 |Emerg.}}</ref> | ||
*[[Granulomatous disease]], e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[sarcoidosis]]. | *[[Granulomatous disease]], e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[sarcoidosis]]. | ||
*Renal failure. | *Renal failure. | ||
Revision as of 17:16, 5 May 2012
Calcification is the formation of a calcium salt. It often happens in tissue.
Classification
It is typically classified as:[1]
- Dystrophic calcification.
- Metastatic calcification.
Dystrophic calcification
General
Examples - calcification in:
Image:
Metastatic calcification
General
Causes of elevated calcium - mnemonic GRIMED:[3][4]
- Granulomatous disease, e.g. tuberculosis, sarcoidosis.
- Renal failure.
- Immobility.
- Malignancy, e.g. metastases to bone, multiple myeloma.
- Endocrine disorders - especially those that elevate PTH.
- Drugs.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 20-21. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ Novaro, GM.; Griffin, BP. (May 2003). "Calcific aortic stenosis: another face of atherosclerosis?". Cleve Clin J Med 70 (5): 471-7. PMID 12779138.
- ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 21. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ Shiau, Carolyn; Toren, Andrew (2006). Toronto Notes 2006: Comprehensive Medical Reference (Review for MCCQE 1 and USMLE Step 2) (22nd edition (2006) ed.). Toronto Notes for Medical Students, Inc.. pp. Emerg.. ISBN 978-0968592861.