Difference between revisions of "Bladder cancer staging"
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[[Image:Diagram showing the T stages of bladder cancer CRUK 372.svg|thumb|right|180px|Schematic showing the T stages in bladder cancer. (WC/CRUK)]] | [[Image:Diagram showing the T stages of bladder cancer CRUK 372.svg|thumb|right|180px|Schematic showing the T stages in bladder cancer. (WC/CRUK)]] | ||
The article deals with '''bladder cancer staging'''. A general discussion | The article deals with '''bladder cancer staging'''. A general discussion about staging is found in ''[[cancer staging]]''. | ||
==General== | ==General== | ||
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*The most important distinction is between T1 and T2. This is dealt with in the ''[[muscularis propria invasion in the urinary bladder]]'' article. | *The most important distinction is between T1 and T2. This is dealt with in the ''[[muscularis propria invasion in the urinary bladder]]'' article. | ||
**T2 is typically managed with a [[radical cystectomy]] or [[radical cystoprostatectomy]]. | **T2 is typically managed with a [[radical cystectomy]] or [[radical cystoprostatectomy]]. | ||
*Upstaging based on cystectomy/cytoprostatectomy pathology common - range 20-80%.<ref name=pmid22321341>{{Cite journal | last1 = Turker | first1 = P. | last2 = Bostrom | first2 = PJ. | last3 = Wroclawski | first3 = ML. | last4 = van Rhijn | first4 = B. | last5 = Kortekangas | first5 = H. | last6 = Kuk | first6 = C. | last7 = Mirtti | first7 = T. | last8 = Fleshner | first8 = NE. | last9 = Jewett | first9 = MA. | title = Upstaging of urothelial cancer at the time of radical cystectomy: factors associated with upstaging and its effect on outcome. | journal = BJU Int | volume = 110 | issue = 6 | pages = 804-11 | month = Sep | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10939.x | PMID = 22321341 }}</ref> | |||
===Nodes=== | ===Nodes=== | ||
Latest revision as of 03:58, 9 February 2016
The article deals with bladder cancer staging. A general discussion about staging is found in cancer staging.
General
- TNM staging the most commonly used.
- Urachal carcinoma has its own staging system - see Sheldon staging system.[1]
TNM staging system
Tumour
| T stage | Criteria |
|---|---|
| Ta | non-invasive papillary carcinoma |
| Tis | carcinoma in situ |
| T1 | lamina propria invasion |
| T2 | muscularis propria invasion |
| T3a | microscopic extravesicular invasion |
| T3b | macroscopic extravesicular invasion |
| T4a | extension into the uterus, vagina or prostate |
| T4b | extension into the abdominal wall or pelvic wall |
Notes:
- The most important distinction is between T1 and T2. This is dealt with in the muscularis propria invasion in the urinary bladder article.
- T2 is typically managed with a radical cystectomy or radical cystoprostatectomy.
- Upstaging based on cystectomy/cytoprostatectomy pathology common - range 20-80%.[2]
Nodes
| N stage | Criteria |
|---|---|
| N1 | one regional lymph node metastasis |
| N2 | more than one regional lymph node metastasis |
| N3 | metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes |
See also
References
- ↑ Bruins, HM.; Visser, O.; Ploeg, M.; Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, CA.; Kiemeney, LA.; Witjes, JA. (Oct 2012). "The clinical epidemiology of urachal carcinoma: results of a large, population based study.". J Urol 188 (4): 1102-7. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.06.020. PMID 22901574.
- ↑ Turker, P.; Bostrom, PJ.; Wroclawski, ML.; van Rhijn, B.; Kortekangas, H.; Kuk, C.; Mirtti, T.; Fleshner, NE. et al. (Sep 2012). "Upstaging of urothelial cancer at the time of radical cystectomy: factors associated with upstaging and its effect on outcome.". BJU Int 110 (6): 804-11. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10939.x. PMID 22321341.