Benign endometrial polyp

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Benign endometrial polyp
Diagnosis in short

Endometrial polyp (right - fibrotic stroma). H&E stain.

LM large blood vessels (muscular), fibrotic stroma, polypoid shape (epithelium on three sides), +/-gland dilation
LM DDx adenofibroma, cervical polyp - have endocervical mucosa, lower uterine segment, endometrial carcinoma, simple endometrial hyperplasia, disordered proliferative endometrium
Gross polypoid mass in the endometrial cavity
Site endometrium

Associated Dx invasive breast cancer - specifically assoc. with tamoxifen
Clinical history bleeding (menorrhagia)
Prevalence common
Prognosis benign
Clin. DDx leiomyoma, other polypoid masses
Uterine polyp redirects here.

Benign endometrial polyp, abbreviated BEP, is a common diagnosis in endometrial specimens.

It is also simply known as endometrial polyp which is a somewhat ambiguous descriptor as not all endometrial polyps are benign.

General

  • Very common.
  • May be a cause of menorrhagia (heavy & long menses).
  • Malignant endometrial polyps are uncommon <2% in one series, and typically in post-menupausal women (3.6% versus 0.5%).[1]

Gross

  • Polypoid mass in the endometrial cavity.

Notes:

  • May be large - 10 cm.[2]

Gross DDx:

Microscopic

Features - diagnostic criteria:[3]

  1. Large blood vessels (muscular) - key feature.
  2. Fibrotic stroma - key feature.
  3. Polypoid shape - epithelium on three sides.
    • May not be seen... as polyp is fragmented on removal.

Glandular changes common:[3]

  • Endometrial glands may be out of phase with surrounding endometrium.
    • Often proliferative.
  • +/-Cystic dilation of glands/unusual shapes
  • +/-Focal gland crowding.

Notes:

  1. Apparently benign polyps should be examined closely at the surface for in situ & invasive malignancies.
  2. Stroma often cellular.

DDx:

Images

IHC

  • p16 stroma usually +ve.[4]

Sign out

Non-proliferative

ENDOMETRIUM, CURETTAGE:
- BENIGN ENDOMETRIAL POLYP.
ENDOMETRIUM ("POLYPS"), REMOVAL:
- BENIGN ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS WITH CYSTIC GLANDULAR DILATION AND
  WITHOUT APPARENT PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY. 

Extensive surface denudation

POLYP, ENDOMETRIUM, REMOVAL:
- BENIGN LARGE ENDOMETRIAL POLYP WITH EXTENSIVE DENUDATION OF THE SURFACE
  AND INFLAMMATION, WITHOUT APPARENT PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY.
- BLOOD (ABUNDANT), FIBRIN AND CELLULAR DEBRIS.

Suggestive of polyp

ENDOMETRIUM, CURETTAGE:
- POLYPOID NONPROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM WITH FOCALLY PROMINENT SMALL BLOOD VESSELS AND
  FIBROUS STROMA, SUGGESTIVE OF BENIGN POLYP.
- NEGATIVE FOR HYPERPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Proliferative

ENDOMETRIUM, CURETTAGE:
- BENIGN ENDOMETRIAL POLYP WITH PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY.

Note:

  • It is useful to comment on whether non-polypoid endometrium is proliferative (if present), esp. in menopausal women.[3]

Polyp with disordered proliferative phase in the background

ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- BENIGN ENDOMETRIAL POLYP WITH PROLIFERATIVE GLANDS AND FOCAL GLAND DILATION.
- SUSPICIOUS FOR A BACKGROUND OF DISORDERED PROLIFERATIVE
  PHASE ENDOMETRIUM, SEE COMMENT.
- STRIPPED BENIGN ENDOCERVICAL EPITHELIUM.

COMMENT:
The endometrium sampled is proliferative with focal gland dilation throughout. The
features of a polyp (large muscular blood vessels, fibrous stroma and polypoid fragments of
endometrium) are only focally present, suggesting there is a background of disordered
proliferative phase endometrium.  Clinical correlation is suggested.

Clinically a polyp but not apparent on histology

 UTERUS (POLYP), REMOVAL:
- LARGE FRAGMENT OF SECRETORY PHASE ENDOMETRIUM WITH LARGE BLOOD VESSELS, A
  NON-FIBROUS STROMA AND NO DISCERNIBLE SURFACE EPITHELIUM.

See also

References

  1. Tang, Z.; Zhou, R.; Bao, D.; Liu, C.; Wei, L. (Mar 2014). "[Clinical characteristics of 42 cases of malignant endometrial polyps].". Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 49 (3): 204-7. PMID 24820306.
  2. Unal, B.; Doğan, S.; Karaveli, FŞ.; Simşek, T.; Erdoğan, G.; Candaner, I. (2014). "Giant Endometrial Polyp in a Postmenopausal Woman without Hormone/Drug Use and Vaginal Bleeding.". Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2014: 518398. doi:10.1155/2014/518398. PMID 25093134.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 McCluggage, WG. (Aug 2006). "My approach to the interpretation of endometrial biopsies and curettings.". J Clin Pathol 59 (8): 801-12. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.029702. PMC 1860448. PMID 16873562. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1860448/.
  4. Moritani, S.; Ichihara, S.; Hasegawa, M.; Iwakoshi, A.; Murakami, S.; Sato, T.; Okamoto, T.; Mori, Y. et al. (Aug 2012). "Stromal p16 expression differentiates endometrial polyp from endometrial hyperplasia.". Virchows Arch 461 (2): 141-8. doi:10.1007/s00428-012-1276-1. PMID 22772724.