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Difference between revisions of "Pediatric pathology"
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The article deals with '''paediatric pathology''', which is quite different than adult pathology. Many diseases that afflict children are uncommon or unheard of in adults. | The article deals with '''paediatric pathology''', which is quite different than adult pathology. Many diseases that afflict children are uncommon or unheard of in adults. | ||
=Gastrointestinal pathology= | |||
==Aganglionosis== | |||
*[[AKA]] Hirschsprung disease. | *[[AKA]] Hirschsprung disease. | ||
===General=== | |||
*Congenital. | *Congenital. | ||
*Fixed by surgery. | *Fixed by surgery. | ||
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*Parasympathetic ganglion cells in intramural and submucosal plexuses - not present.<ref name=pathcon_hirschsprung>URL: [[http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970813-0] [http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970813-0]]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref> | *Parasympathetic ganglion cells in intramural and submucosal plexuses - not present.<ref name=pathcon_hirschsprung>URL: [[http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970813-0] [http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970813-0]]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref> | ||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pathcon_hirschsprung/> | Features:<ref name=pathcon_hirschsprung/> | ||
*Ganglion cells missing in submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus. | *Ganglion cells missing in submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus. | ||
*+/-Submucosal fibrosis. | *+/-Submucosal fibrosis. | ||
===Stains=== | |||
*Acetylcholinesterase: abundant, disorganized, nerve fibers. | *Acetylcholinesterase: abundant, disorganized, nerve fibers. | ||
*CD117. (???) | *CD117. (???) | ||
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*[http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/Histo_course/myent_plexus.jpg Normal myenteric plexus (duke.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref> | *[http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/Histo_course/myent_plexus.jpg Normal myenteric plexus (duke.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref> | ||
==Meconium peritonitis== | |||
===General=== | |||
*May be due to a number of causes: | *May be due to a number of causes: | ||
**Aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease). | **Aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease). | ||
**Meconium ileus. | **Meconium ileus. | ||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Brown granular material - '''key feature'''. | *Brown granular material - '''key feature'''. | ||
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*[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/caseofweek/case2008106image2.jpg Meconium peritonitis - gross (pathologyoutlines.com)]. | *[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/caseofweek/case2008106image2.jpg Meconium peritonitis - gross (pathologyoutlines.com)]. | ||
==Necrotizing enterocolitis== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Disease of the newborn. | *Disease of the newborn. | ||
*Diagnosed by imaging. | *Diagnosed by imaging. | ||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Large spaces. | *Large spaces. | ||
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*[http://cueflash.com/cardimages/answers/thumbnails/7/4/7747308.jpg NEC - micro. (cueflash.com)].<ref>URL: [http://cueflash.com/decks/Pathology_Pediatrics http://cueflash.com/decks/Pathology_Pediatrics]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref> | *[http://cueflash.com/cardimages/answers/thumbnails/7/4/7747308.jpg NEC - micro. (cueflash.com)].<ref>URL: [http://cueflash.com/decks/Pathology_Pediatrics http://cueflash.com/decks/Pathology_Pediatrics]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref> | ||
==Pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Assoc. with maternal diabetes. | *Assoc. with maternal diabetes. | ||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Marked size variation of pancreatic islets. | *Marked size variation of pancreatic islets. | ||
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*[http://eulep.pdn.cam.ac.uk/pathbase2/Search_Pathbase/factsheet.php?image_number=3297 Islet cell hyperplasia - mouse (cam.ac.uk)]. | *[http://eulep.pdn.cam.ac.uk/pathbase2/Search_Pathbase/factsheet.php?image_number=3297 Islet cell hyperplasia - mouse (cam.ac.uk)]. | ||
=Cardiovascular pathology= | |||
==Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn== | ==Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn== | ||
*Abbreviated PPHN. | *Abbreviated PPHN. | ||
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*Birth asphyxia. | *Birth asphyxia. | ||
==Williams syndrome== | |||
*Supravalvular stenosis.<ref>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/194050 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/194050]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref> | |||
=Neuropathology= | |||
==Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy== | ==Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy== | ||
{{Main|Neuropathology}} | {{Main|Neuropathology}} | ||
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*The germinal matrix is thought to be intrinsically fragile and is especially so in premature infants. | *The germinal matrix is thought to be intrinsically fragile and is especially so in premature infants. | ||
=References= | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
=External links= | |||
*[http://www.surgical-pathology.com/paediatric_pathology.htm Paediatric pathology (surgical-pathology.com)]. | *[http://www.surgical-pathology.com/paediatric_pathology.htm Paediatric pathology (surgical-pathology.com)]. | ||
*[http://www.spponline.org/ Society for pediatric pathology (spponline.org)]. | *[http://www.spponline.org/ Society for pediatric pathology (spponline.org)]. | ||
==Cases== | |||
*[http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/pathology_lab_medicine/research_academics/pediatric_pathology/cases.cfm Pediatric pathology cases (rochester.edu)]. | *[http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/pathology_lab_medicine/research_academics/pediatric_pathology/cases.cfm Pediatric pathology cases (rochester.edu)]. | ||
*Cases from UMPC: | *Cases from UMPC: | ||