Angiosarcoma

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Angiosarcoma is an uncommon malignant vascular tumour.

Angiosarcoma
Diagnosis in short

Epithelioid angiosarcoma. H&E stain.
LM atypical cells - usu. spindle cells, occasionally epithelioid; vascular differentiation (abundant capillaries - "red" at low power, +/-cytoplasmic vacuolization, +/-hobnail endothelial cells)
LM DDx Kaposi sarcoma, anastomosing hemangioma, other vascular tumours
IHC CD31 +ve, FLI-1 +ve, CD34 +ve, HHV-8 -ve
Molecular +/-MYC amplification
Gross red lesion[citation needed]
Site skin, head and neck, elsewhere
Syndromes Stewart–Treves syndrome
Clinical history +/-chronic lymphedema, vinyl chloride exposure (liver angiosarcoma)
Prevalence uncommon
Prognosis poor

General

  • Malignant tumour - general has a poor prognosis.[1]

Epidemiology:

  • May arise secondary to chronic lymphedema related to breast carcinoma.
    • Known as Stewart–Treves syndrome.[2]
  • Association with radiation - breast,[3] urinary bladder.[4]
  • Liver angiosarcomas are associated with vinyl chloride exposure.[5]
  • Cutaneous angiosarcomas are classically seen on the head and neck of whites over 60 years old.[6]

Gross

  • Red/dark tan lesion.
  • Typically poorly circumscribed.

  • Angiosarcoma. (WC/Yale Rosen)

Microscopic

Features:

  • Spindle cell lesion.
    • Occasionally an epithelioid lesion.
  • Very many small capillaries of irregular shape lined with:
    • Pleomorphic nuclei - important.
    • Usually "red" at low power - due to many RBCs - important.
  • Mitoses.
  • Cytoplasmic vacuoles.
    • Cells trying to form lumina - embryologic.

Notes:

DDx:

Images

Case 1

  • Epithelioid angiosarcoma - very low mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Epithelioid angiosarcoma - intermed mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Epithelioid angiosarcoma - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Epithelioid angiosarcoma - CD31 - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)

Case 2

Related images

  • Angiosarcoma (kidney) - low mag.

  • Angiosarcoma (kidney) - low mag.

  • Angiosarcoma (kidney) - high mag.

  • Angiosarcoma (kidney) - very high mag.

  • Angiosarcoma (kidney) - low mag.

  • Angiosarcoma (kidney) - low mag.

  • Angiosarcoma (kidney) - high mag.

Additional

Image:Breast Angiosarcoma Epithelioid HP2 CTR.jpg|Breast - Epithelioid angiosarcoma - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma Epithelioid HP CTR.jpg|Breast - Epithelioid angiosarcoma - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma Epithelioid MP CTR.jpg|Breast - Epithelioid angiosarcoma - medium power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HighGrade Breast HP PA.JPG|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high grade - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HighGrade Breast PA.JPG|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high grade - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HighGrade HP PA.JPG|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high grade - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HP3 SNP.jpg|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma LowGradeArea FatInvasion MP CTR.jpg|Breast - Angiosarcoma - low grade area - encircling fat - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HP SNP.jpg|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HighGradeArea MP CTR.jpg|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high grade area - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HP PA.JPG|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma HighGrade PA.JPG|Breast - Angiosarcoma - high power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma LP SNP.jpg|Breast - Angiosarcoma - low power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma MP SNP.jpg|Breast - Angiosarcoma - Medium power (SKB) Image:Breast Angiosarcoma LP CTR.jpg|Breast - Angiosarcoma - low power (SKB) </gallery>

IHC

  • CD34 +ve.
  • CD31 +ve.
  • ERG +ve [7]
  • FLI-1 +ve.[8]
  • D2-40 +ve/-ve.[9]
  • HHV-8 -ve.

Molecular

  • Amplification of MYC[10] - especially in secondary angiosarcoma.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Young RJ, Brown NJ, Reed MW, Hughes D, Woll PJ (May 2010). "Angiosarcoma". Lancet Oncol. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70023-1. PMID 20537949.
  2. ↑ Pincus, LB.; Fox, LP. (Aug 2008). "Images in clinical medicine. The Stewart-Treves syndrome.". N Engl J Med 359 (9): 950. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm071344. PMID 18753651. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm071344.
  3. ↑ Chikarmane, SA.; Gombos, EC.; Jagadeesan, J.; Raut, C.; Jagannathan, JP. (Dec 2014). "MRI findings of radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast (RAS).". J Magn Reson Imaging. doi:10.1002/jmri.24822. PMID 25504856.
  4. ↑ Bahouth, Z.; Masarwa, I.; Halachmi, S.; Nativ, O. (2015). "Primary angiosarcoma of urinary bladder: 13th reported patient.". Case Rep Oncol Med 2015: 652870. doi:10.1155/2015/652870. PMID 25688314.
  5. ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 212. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  6. ↑ Albores-Saavedra, J.; Schwartz, AM.; Henson, DE.; Kostun, L.; Hart, A.; Angeles-Albores, D.; Chablé-Montero, F. (Apr 2011). "Cutaneous angiosarcoma. Analysis of 434 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1973-2007.". Ann Diagn Pathol 15 (2): 93-7. doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2010.07.012. PMID 21190880.
  7. ↑ Miettinen, M.; Wang, ZF.; Paetau, A.; Tan, SH.; Dobi, A.; Srivastava, S.; Sesterhenn, I. (Mar 2011). "ERG transcription factor as an immunohistochemical marker for vascular endothelial tumors and prostatic carcinoma.". Am J Surg Pathol 35 (3): 432-41. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318206b67b. PMID 21317715.
  8. ↑ Rossi, S.; Orvieto, E.; Furlanetto, A.; Laurino, L.; Ninfo, V.; Dei Tos, AP. (May 2004). "Utility of the immunohistochemical detection of FLI-1 expression in round cell and vascular neoplasm using a monoclonal antibody.". Mod Pathol 17 (5): 547-52. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800065. PMID 15001993.
  9. ↑ Kahn, HJ.; Bailey, D.; Marks, A. (Apr 2002). "Monoclonal antibody D2-40, a new marker of lymphatic endothelium, reacts with Kaposi's sarcoma and a subset of angiosarcomas.". Mod Pathol 15 (4): 434-40. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880543. PMID 11950918.
  10. ↑ Kurisetty, V.; Bryan, BA. (Apr 2013). "Aberrations in Angiogenic Signaling and MYC Amplifications are Distinguishing Features of Angiosarcoma.". Angiol Open Access 1. doi:10.4172/2329-9495.1000102. PMID 25374893.
  11. ↑ Styring, E.; Seinen, J.; Dominguez-Valentin, M.; Domanski, HA.; Jönsson, M.; von Steyern, FV.; Hoekstra, HJ.; Suurmeijer, AJ. et al. (Jul 2014). "Key roles for MYC, KIT and RET signaling in secondary angiosarcomas.". Br J Cancer 111 (2): 407-12. doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.359. PMID 24983371.
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