Gynecomastoid hyperplasia

Gynecomastoid hyperplasia, also gynecomastia, is a benign pathology of the breast classically seen in young men.

Gynecomastoid hyperplasia
Diagnosis in short
Gynecomastoid hyperplasia. H&E stain.
Synonyms	gynecomastia
LM	moderate hyperplasia - glands have more than 2 cell layers, "budding" (cells jut into the lumen, buds may be multicellular -- but narrower toward the centre of the lumen), stromal palor
LM DDx	Micropapillary DCIS
Site	breast
Associated Dx	Liver failure, Klinefelter syndrome, testicular estrogen-producing germ cell tumour
Signs	excessive breast tissue
Prognosis	benign
Treatment	surgery

General

• Benign enlargement of breasts in males.
  • Histologic changes may be seen in females.

May be seen in the context of:

• Liver failure.
• Klinefelter syndrome.
• Testicular estrogen-producing germ cell tumour.

Gross

• Excessive breast tissue in males.

Images

• 

  Gynecomastia. (WC)

• 

  Gynecomastia - before and after. (WC)

Microscopic

Features:

• Moderate hyperplasia.
  • Glands have more than 2 cell layers.
• "Budding" - individual cells jut into the lumen - key feature.
  • Buds may be multicellular; however, narrower toward the centre of the lumen.
• Stromal palor.

DDx:

• Micropapillary DCIS - buds not narrower toward the centre of the lumen.

Images

• 

  Gynecomastoid hyperplasia - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)

• 

  Gynecomastoid hyperplasia - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)

• 

  Gynecomastoid hyperplasia - 2 - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)

www:

• Gynecomastoid hyperplasia (stonybrook.edu).
• Gynecomastia (radiology.uchc.edu).

See also

• Breast pathology.