Difference between revisions of "Astrocytoma"
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*S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse. | *S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse. | ||
=Glioblastoma= | ==Glioblastoma== | ||
*Previously known as ''glioblastoma multiforme'' (abbreviated ''GBM''). | |||
===General=== | |||
*Median survival is measured in months.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Jubelirer | first1 = SJ. | title = A review of the treatment and survival rates of 138 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = W V Med J | volume = 92 | issue = 4 | pages = 186-90 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 8772403 }}</ref> | |||
*Only about 5% can expect to survive more than three years.<ref name=pmid17785346>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krex | first1 = D. | last2 = Klink | first2 = B. | last3 = Hartmann | first3 = C. | last4 = von Deimling | first4 = A. | last5 = Pietsch | first5 = T. | last6 = Simon | first6 = M. | last7 = Sabel | first7 = M. | last8 = Steinbach | first8 = JP. | last9 = Heese | first9 = O. | title = Long-term survival with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = Brain | volume = 130 | issue = Pt 10 | pages = 2596-606 | month = Oct | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1093/brain/awm204 | PMID = 17785346 }}</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Astrocytic tumour with: | |||
**Nuclear atypia. | |||
**Necrosis. | |||
**Endothelial proliferation (AKA microvascular proliferation). | |||
**+/-"Pseudopalisading necrosis" - tumour cells lined-up like a picket fence around necrotic areas. | |||
Images: | |||
*www: | |||
**[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/OPAQ/PathQuiz/PQ-Images/N0A002-1.gif Microvascular proliferation in a GBM (ouhsc.edu)]. | |||
*[[WC]]: | |||
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_with_extreme_nuclear_enlargement_-_very_high_mag.jpg Extreme nuclear enlargement in a GBM - very high mag. (WC)]. | |||
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg GBM juxtaposed with near normal white matter - high mag. (WC)]. | |||
==Gliosarcoma== | ==Gliosarcoma== | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Considered to be a variant of glioblastoma by WHO.<ref name=pmid19618114>{{cite journal |author=Han SJ, Yang I, Tihan T, Prados MD, Parsa AT |title=Primary gliosarcoma: key clinical and pathologic distinctions from glioblastoma with implications as a unique oncologic entity |journal=J. Neurooncol. |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=313–20 |year=2010 |month=February |pmid=19618114 |pmc=2808523 |doi=10.1007/s11060-009-9973-6 |url=}}</ref> | *Considered to be a variant of [[glioblastoma]] by WHO.<ref name=pmid19618114>{{cite journal |author=Han SJ, Yang I, Tihan T, Prados MD, Parsa AT |title=Primary gliosarcoma: key clinical and pathologic distinctions from glioblastoma with implications as a unique oncologic entity |journal=J. Neurooncol. |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=313–20 |year=2010 |month=February |pmid=19618114 |pmc=2808523 |doi=10.1007/s11060-009-9973-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Rare ~ 200 cases reported in the literature.<ref name=pmid19618114/> | *Rare ~ 200 cases reported in the literature.<ref name=pmid19618114/> | ||
*Definition: gliosarcoma = glioblastoma + sarcomatous component.<ref name=pmid20415184>{{cite journal |author=Ayadi L, Charfi S, Khabir A, ''et al.'' |title=[Cerebral gliosarcoma: clinico-pathologic study of 8 cases] |language=French |journal=Tunis Med |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=142–6 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20415184 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Definition: gliosarcoma = glioblastoma + sarcomatous component.<ref name=pmid20415184>{{cite journal |author=Ayadi L, Charfi S, Khabir A, ''et al.'' |title=[Cerebral gliosarcoma: clinico-pathologic study of 8 cases] |language=French |journal=Tunis Med |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=142–6 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20415184 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 04:21, 17 December 2011
An astrocytoma is a neoplasm derived from an astrocyte. Astrocytomas are common. This article deals with, among other things, rare astrocytomas. An overview of CNS tumours is found in the CNS tumours article.
Other
Pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma
- Abbreviated PXA.
General
- Kids & young adults.
- Prognosis usu. good.
Microscopic
Features:
- Large cells with intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation, i.e. foamy cytoplasm - key features.[1]
- May not be obvious/one may have to search for this.
- Focal marked nuclear atypia - including hyperchromasia, marked nuclear enlargement, irregular chromatin.
- Multinucleation - common.
Images:
IHC
Features:[2]
- GFAP +ve -- required for Dx, may be patchy.
- S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse.
Glioblastoma
- Previously known as glioblastoma multiforme (abbreviated GBM).
General
- Median survival is measured in months.[3]
- Only about 5% can expect to survive more than three years.[4]
Microscopic
Features:
- Astrocytic tumour with:
- Nuclear atypia.
- Necrosis.
- Endothelial proliferation (AKA microvascular proliferation).
- +/-"Pseudopalisading necrosis" - tumour cells lined-up like a picket fence around necrotic areas.
Images:
- www:
- WC:
Gliosarcoma
General
- Considered to be a variant of glioblastoma by WHO.[5]
- Rare ~ 200 cases reported in the literature.[5]
- Definition: gliosarcoma = glioblastoma + sarcomatous component.[6]
- Usual location (like glioblastoma): temporal lobe.
Microscopic
Features:
- Glioblastoma.
- Sarcomatous component (one of the following):[5][6]
- Fibroblastic.
- Cartilaginous.
- Osseous.
- Smooth muscle.
- Striated muscle.
- Adipocyte.
Image: Gliosarcoma - elastic von Gieson (WC).
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q14-Ans.htm. Accessed on: 13 January 2011.
- ↑ URL: http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970469-7. Accessed on: 13 January 2011.
- ↑ Jubelirer, SJ.. "A review of the treatment and survival rates of 138 patients with glioblastoma multiforme.". W V Med J 92 (4): 186-90. PMID 8772403.
- ↑ Krex, D.; Klink, B.; Hartmann, C.; von Deimling, A.; Pietsch, T.; Simon, M.; Sabel, M.; Steinbach, JP. et al. (Oct 2007). "Long-term survival with glioblastoma multiforme.". Brain 130 (Pt 10): 2596-606. doi:10.1093/brain/awm204. PMID 17785346.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Han SJ, Yang I, Tihan T, Prados MD, Parsa AT (February 2010). "Primary gliosarcoma: key clinical and pathologic distinctions from glioblastoma with implications as a unique oncologic entity". J. Neurooncol. 96 (3): 313–20. doi:10.1007/s11060-009-9973-6. PMC 2808523. PMID 19618114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2808523/.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ayadi L, Charfi S, Khabir A, et al. (March 2010). "[Cerebral gliosarcoma: clinico-pathologic study of 8 cases]" (in French). Tunis Med 88 (3): 142–6. PMID 20415184.